@article{discovery10142692,
          number = {4},
           month = {April},
            year = {2022},
         journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
           title = {Optical properties of human brain and tumour tissue: An ex vivo study spanning the visible range to beyond the second near-infrared window},
       publisher = {Wiley},
          volume = {15},
            note = {{\copyright} 2022 The Authors. Journal of Biophotonics published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.},
        abstract = {Neuro-oncology surgery would benefit from detailed intraoperative tissue characterisation provided by non-contact, contrast-agent-free, non-invasive optical imaging methods. In-depth knowledge of target tissue optical properties across a wide-wavelength spectrum could inform the design of optical imaging and computational methods to enable robust tissue analysis during surgery. We adapted a dual-beam integrating sphere to analyse small tissue samples and investigated ex vivo optical properties of five types of human brain tumour (meningioma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, low- and high-grade glioma) and nine different types of healthy brain tissue across a wavelength spectrum of 400 - 1800 nm. Fresh and frozen tissue samples were analysed. All tissue types demonstrated similar absorption spectra, but the reduced scattering coefficients of tumours show visible differences in the obtained optical spectrum compared to those of surrounding normal tissue. These results underline the potential of optical imaging technologies for intraoperative tissue characterisation.},
             url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202100072},
          author = {Shapey, Jonathan and Xie, Yijing and Nabavi, Elham and Ebner, Michael and Saeed, Shakeel R and Kitchen, Neil and Dorward, Neil and Grieve, Joan and McEvoy, Andrew W and Miserocchi, Anna and Grover, Patrick and Bradford, Robert and Lim, Yau-Mun and Ourselin, Sebastien and Brandner, Sebastian and Jaunmuktane, Zane and Vercauteren, Tom},
        keywords = {Absorption, Brain, Brain tumour, Optical properties, Scattering, Spectrophotmeter}
}