eprintid: 10139198
rev_number: 14
eprint_status: archive
userid: 608
dir: disk0/10/13/91/98
datestamp: 2021-11-29 13:18:45
lastmod: 2022-10-25 15:28:28
status_changed: 2021-11-29 13:18:45
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Schnell, J
creators_name: Bond, M
creators_name: Moll, N
creators_name: Weidinger, E
creators_name: Burger, B
creators_name: Bond, R
creators_name: Dietrich, A
creators_name: Hoekstra, PJ
creators_name: Schrag, A
creators_name: Martino, D
creators_name: Schwarz, M
creators_name: Meier, U-C
creators_name: Müller, N
title: Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgG positivity is associated with tic severity in chronic tic disorders
ispublished: pub
divisions: UCL
divisions: B02
divisions: C07
divisions: D07
divisions: F84
keywords: Chronic tic disorder, Infection, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Tic severity, Tourette syndrome
note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
abstract: Infectious pathogens may represent an environmental risk factor for chronic tic disorders (CTD). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) IgG positivity is associated with the presence or severity of tics. We compared M. pneumoniae IgG positivity across three groups: children and adolescents (3-16 years) with CTD (CTD group; n = 302); siblings (3-10 years) of people with CTD who developed tics within a seven-year follow-up period (tic onset group; n = 51); siblings (4-10 years) who did not develop tics within the study period and were ≥10-years-old at their last assessment (unaffected group; n = 88). The relationship between M. pneumoniae IgG positivity and the presence and severity of tics was analysed using multilevel models controlling for site, family relatedness, sex, age, presence of comorbid obsessive-compulsive and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and use of psychotropic medication. M. pneumoniae IgG positivity was not associated with the presence of CTD, or the first onset of tics as compared to siblings who remained unaffected. M. pneumoniae IgG positivity was associated with a higher tic severity score within the CTD group (β = 2.64, s.e. = 1.15, p = 0.02). It is possible that M. pneumoniae infection influences tic severity in CTD or, that having more severe tics, increases the risk of infection. However, it is more likely that the association observed in this study reflects a propensity toward enhanced immune responses in people with CTD and that, rather than a causal relationship, infection and greater tic severity are indirectly linked via shared underlying immune mechanisms.
date: 2022-01
date_type: published
official_url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.012
oa_status: green
full_text_type: other
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
verified: verified_manual
elements_id: 1896865
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.012
pii: S0889-1591(21)00588-2
lyricists_name: Schrag, Anette
lyricists_id: AESCH71
actors_name: Schrag, Anette
actors_name: Wagiswara, Elaine
actors_id: AESCH71
actors_id: ENWAG91
actors_role: owner
actors_role: impersonator
full_text_status: public
publication: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
volume: 99
pagerange: 281-288
event_location: Netherlands
citation:        Schnell, J;    Bond, M;    Moll, N;    Weidinger, E;    Burger, B;    Bond, R;    Dietrich, A;                         ... Müller, N; + view all <#>        Schnell, J;  Bond, M;  Moll, N;  Weidinger, E;  Burger, B;  Bond, R;  Dietrich, A;  Hoekstra, PJ;  Schrag, A;  Martino, D;  Schwarz, M;  Meier, U-C;  Müller, N;   - view fewer <#>    (2022)    Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgG positivity is associated with tic severity in chronic tic disorders.                   Brain, Behavior, and Immunity , 99    pp. 281-288.    10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.012 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.012>.       Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10139198/1/EMTICS_Mycoplasma_2203.pdf