TY - JOUR N1 - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ JF - Medical Image Analysis TI - Degenerative adversarial neuroimage nets for brain scan simulations: Application in ageing and dementia N2 - Accurate and realistic simulation of high-dimensional medical images has become an important research area relevant to many AI-enabled healthcare applications. However, current state-of-the-art approaches lack the ability to produce satisfactory high-resolution and accurate subject-specific images. In this work, we present a deep learning framework, namely 4D-Degenerative Adversarial NeuroImage Net (4D-DANI-Net), to generate high-resolution, longitudinal MRI scans that mimic subject-specific neurodegeneration in ageing and dementia. 4D-DANI-Net is a modular framework based on adversarial training and a set of novel spatiotemporal, biologically-informed constraints. To ensure efficient training and overcome memory limitations affecting such high-dimensional problems, we rely on three key technological advances: i) a new 3D training consistency mechanism called Profile Weight Functions (PWFs), ii) a 3D super-resolution module and iii) a transfer learning strategy to fine-tune the system for a given individual. To evaluate our approach, we trained the framework on 9852 T1-weighted MRI scans from 876 participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset and held out a separate test set of 1283 MRI scans from 170 participants for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the personalised time series of synthetic images. We performed three evaluations: i) image quality assessment; ii) quantifying the accuracy of regional brain volumes over and above benchmark models; and iii) quantifying visual perception of the synthetic images by medical experts. Overall, both quantitative and qualitative results show that 4D-DANI-Net produces realistic, low-artefact, personalised time series of synthetic T1 MRI that outperforms benchmark models. Y1 - 2021/10/14/ UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2021.102257 KW - 4D-DANI-Net KW - 4D-MRI KW - Adversarial training KW - Ageing KW - Brain KW - Dementia KW - Disease progression modelling KW - Generative models KW - Neuro-image KW - Neurodegeneration KW - Synthetic-images A1 - Ravi, D A1 - Blumberg, SB A1 - Ingala, S A1 - Barkhof, F A1 - Alexander, DC A1 - Oxtoby, NP A1 - Alzheimer?s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative AV - public ID - discovery10138058 VL - 75 ER -