TY  - JOUR
AV  - public
Y1  - 2018/10/31/
EP  - 14616
TI  - "Green" Ammonia: Impact of Renewable Energy Intermittency on Plant Sizing and Levelized Cost of Ammonia
PB  - AMER CHEMICAL SOC
N2  - Ammonia production currently contributes
almost 11% of global industrial carbon dioxide emissions, or
1.3% of global emissions. In the context of global emission
targets and growing demand, decarbonization of this process
is highly desirable. We present a method to calculate a first
estimate for the optimum size of an ammonia production
plant (at the process level), the required renewable energy
(RE) supply, and the levelized cost of ammonia (LCOA) for
islanded operation with a hydrogen buffer. A model was
developed to quantitatively identify the key variables that
impact the LCOA (relative to a ±10 GBP/tonne change in
LCOA): levelized cost of electricity (±0.89 GBP/MWh), electrolyzer capital expenditure (±65 GBP/kW), minimum Haber?
Bosch (HB) load (±12% of rated power), maximum rate of HB load ramping, and RE supply mix. Using 2025/2030 estimates
results in a LCOA of 588 GBP/tonne for Lerwick, Scotland. The application of the model will facilitate and improve the
production of carbon-free ammonia in the future.
ID  - discovery10132886
IS  - 43
N1  - This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,
provided the author and source are cited.
VL  - 57
SP  - 14607
A1  - Nayak-Luke, R
A1  - Banares-Alcantara, R
A1  - Wilkinson, I
JF  - Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research
UR  - http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02447
SN  - 0888-5885
ER  -