@article{discovery10132886,
          number = {43},
           month = {October},
           title = {"Green" Ammonia: Impact of Renewable Energy Intermittency on Plant Sizing and Levelized Cost of Ammonia},
            year = {2018},
       publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC},
         journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
          volume = {57},
            note = {This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,
provided the author and source are cited.},
           pages = {14607--14616},
             url = {http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02447},
            issn = {0888-5885},
          author = {Nayak-Luke, R and Banares-Alcantara, R and Wilkinson, I},
        abstract = {Ammonia production currently contributes
almost 11\% of global industrial carbon dioxide emissions, or
1.3\% of global emissions. In the context of global emission
targets and growing demand, decarbonization of this process
is highly desirable. We present a method to calculate a first
estimate for the optimum size of an ammonia production
plant (at the process level), the required renewable energy
(RE) supply, and the levelized cost of ammonia (LCOA) for
islanded operation with a hydrogen buffer. A model was
developed to quantitatively identify the key variables that
impact the LCOA (relative to a {$\pm$}10 GBP/tonne change in
LCOA): levelized cost of electricity ({$\pm$}0.89 GBP/MWh), electrolyzer capital expenditure ({$\pm$}65 GBP/kW), minimum Haber?
Bosch (HB) load ({$\pm$}12\% of rated power), maximum rate of HB load ramping, and RE supply mix. Using 2025/2030 estimates
results in a LCOA of 588 GBP/tonne for Lerwick, Scotland. The application of the model will facilitate and improve the
production of carbon-free ammonia in the future.}
}