?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Comparative+Advantage+and+Intellectual+Property+Rights%3A+Some+Evidences+from+Creative+Industries+in+Bhutan%2C+China+and+Egypt&rft.creator=Ye%2C+Z&rft.creator=Wijngaarde%2C+I&rft.description=Creative+industries+(CI)+%E2%80%9Care+the+cycles+of+creation%2C+production+and+distribution+of+goods+and+services+that+use+creativity+and+intellectual+capital+as+primary+inputs%E2%80%9D+(UNCTAD+2010).+The+notion+that+intellectual+capital+can+be+organized+as+a+primary+factor+of+production+whereby+various+industries+can+be+deemed+%E2%80%98creative%E2%80%99+does+not+go+without+inviting+academic+scrutiny+(Oakley+2004%3B+Elliot+2007).+In+the+UK+where+the+idea+conceived%2C+as+Labour+government+was+voted+out+of+the+office+and+general+business+environment+changed%2C+%E2%80%98creative+industries%E2%80%99+have+lost+much+of+its+currency+as+an+industrial+policy+tool.+With+the+onset+of+the+worst+recession+in+decades%2C+many+cultural+organizations+and+creative+businesses+which+have+only+recently+gone+through+a+period+of+boom+are+found+to+be+facing+large+budget+cut+and+the+withdrawal+of+supports+by+the+government.+Elsewhere+in+the+world%2C+the+contrast+could+not+be+more+different.+In+the+dynamic+industries+such+as+new+media%2C+game+and+performing+arts%2C+Germany+is+rising+fast+to+challenge+the+traditional+US+leadership.+In+the+developing+world+the+concept+is+now+increasingly+taken+up+by+the+government+to+encourage+creativity%2C+entrepreneurship+and+innovation.+China%2C+for+example%2C+instituted+first+official+Cultural+and+Creative+Industries+Development+Plan+to+%E2%80%98kick+start%E2%80%99+a+nation-wide+campaign%2C+and+began+strategic+reorganization+of+state+owned+enterprises+(SOEs)+in+publishing+and+media%2C+to+be+followed+by+capital+market+listing%2C+Chinese+firm+such+as+Crystal+CG+has+quietly+entered+the+world+stage+of+creative+business+after+its+debut+in+the+grand+opening+of+the+Beijing+Olympics.+In+India%2C+increasing+level+of+specialization+has+made+India+the+world%E2%80%99s+largest+exporter+of+handmade+paper+with+23+%25+of+the+world%E2%80%99s+export+market+share.+In+spite+of+major+instability%2C+Afghanistan+has+become+the+11th+largest+carpet+exporter+in+the+world+with+a+2+%25+of+global+share+in+export.+While+creativity+is+and+has+always+been+a+key+force+behind+human+progress%2C+it+can+be+argued+that+the+concept+of+creative+%E2%80%98industries%E2%80%99+offers+a+new+lens+through+which+one+can+examine+and+capture+%E2%80%98kaleidoscopic%E2%80%99+combination+and+recombination+of+human+ingenuity+and+organization.+In+the+context+of+development%2C+trade+in+creative+goods+such+as+handicrafts+provides+the+least+developed+countries+(LDC)+with+income+generation+and+diversification+opportunities+from+traditional+agriculture.+Trading+a+country%E2%80%99s+authentic+material+culture+embodied+in+the+form+of+traditional+handicraft+also+gives+voice+to+the+nations+(Barrowclough+and+Kozul-Wright+2007%3B+Schultz+and+Van+Gelder+2008)+and+has+a+great+potential+to+transform+skills+into+opportunity+driven+entrepreneurship+and+self+empowerments+(UNIDO+2011).+Based+on+recently+released+international+trade+data+provided+by+UNCTAD%E2%80%99s+creative+economy+programme%2C+this+paper+presents+some+preliminary+findings+of+an+ongoing+study+which+aims+to+empirically+assess%2C+though+at+this+stage+very+partially+and+limited%2C+the+relationships+between+revealed+comparative+advantage+(RCA)+and+intellectual+property+rights+(IPRs).+While+there+is+no+shortage+of+academic+literatures+which+pointed+out+the+importance+of+IPRs+to+creative+industries+(Schultz+and+Van+Gelder+2008)%2C+there+remains+few+sector+based%2C+large+scale%2C+cross+national+study+which+investigates+the+relationship+between+RCA+and+IPR.+While+the+research+is+ongoing+to+explore+wider+implication+of+IPRs+for+development%2C+the+focus+of+this+paper+is+to+present+the+result+of+empirical+assessment+on+creative+economy+hence+the+focus+is+leaned+towards+understanding+the+overall+performance+of+creative+industries+in+the+world+and+related+comparative+advantage+of+CI+and+its+sub-groupings.+Specifically%2C+the+paper+looks+at+(1)+trade+dependency+ratio+in+relation+to+CI%2C+(2)+revealed+comparative+advantage+across+24+CI+sub-groups+and+top+performer%2C+(3)+local+development+issues+pertaining+to+CI+based+interventions+aiming+at+enhancing+competitiveness.+The+analysis+is+drawn+from+a+206+x+206+country+to+country+trade+flow+matrix+organized+by+24+creative+industries+sub-groups+to+assess+sectoral+pattern+of+trade.+The+dataset+for+trade+dependency+ratio+uses+a+smaller+sample+of+103+countries+which+reported+on+both+trade+in+goods+and+services.+The+research+has+not+been+able+to+provided+evidences+on+the+linkage+between+RCA+and+IPR+which+would+only+be+available+with+more+time+and+efforts+finding+a+suitable+concordance+between+WIPO+based+statistics+measure+and+UNCTAD%E2%80%99s+ISTC%2FHS+systems.+Future+directions+are+discussed+as+to+how+to+develop+from+this+paper+for+the+ongoing+research+and+the+difficulty+to+integrate+WIPO+based+IPR+statistics+with+UNCTAD%E2%80%99s+classification+on+creative+industries6.+The+structure+of+this+paper+is+as+follows.+The+first+part+of+the+paper+presents+an+overview+of+creative+economy+in+terms+of+trade+dependency+and+RCA.+The+second+part+of+this+paper+looks+at+the+RCA+and+sectoral+pattern+of+CI+trade+in+the+cases+of+Bhutan%2C+Egypt+and+China.+The+third+part+of+this+paper+reflects+on+the+findings+from+the+field+missions+and+discusses+the+potential+of+CI+for+development.+The+final+part+of+this+paper+outlines+further+steps+for+the+future+research.&rft.subject=Creative+Industries%2C+Cultural+Economics%2C+Revealed+Comparative+Advantage%2C+Trade+Dependency%2C+Bhutan%2C+Egypt%2C+China%2C+Intellectual+Property&rft.publisher=European+Policy+for+Intellectual+Property+Association+(EPIP)&rft.date=2011-09-08&rft.type=Proceedings+paper&rft.publisher=6th+Annual+Conference+of+the+EPIP+Association%3A+Fine-Tuning+IPR+debates&rft.language=eng&rft.source=+++++In%3A++Proceedings+of+the+6th+Annual+Conference+of+the+EPIP+Association%3A+Fine-Tuning+IPR+debates.++++European+Policy+for+Intellectual+Property+Association+(EPIP)%3A+Universit%C3%A9+libre+de+Bruxelles%2C+Brussels%2C+Belgium.+(2011)+++++&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10129480%2F1%2FYE%2520EUPIP%25202010.pdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10129480%2F&rft.rights=open