TY  - JOUR
N1  - © 2020 by the Authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Y1  - 2020/10//
TI  - Injectables and Depots to Prolong Drug Action of Proteins and Peptides
AV  - public
JF  - Pharmaceutics
N2  - Proteins and peptides have emerged in recent years to treat a wide range of multifaceted diseases such as cancer, diabetes and inflammation. The emergence of polypeptides has yielded advancements in the fields of biopharmaceutical production and formulation. Polypeptides often display poor pharmacokinetics, limited permeability across biological barriers, suboptimal biodistribution, and some proclivity for immunogenicity. Frequent administration of polypeptides is generally required to maintain adequate therapeutic levels, which can limit efficacy and compliance while increasing adverse reactions. Many strategies to increase the duration of action of therapeutic polypeptides have been described with many clinical products having been developed. This review describes approaches to optimise polypeptide delivery organised by the commonly used routes of administration. Future innovations in formulation may hold the key to the continued successful development of proteins and peptides with optimal clinical properties.
VL  - 12
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100999
A1  - Ibeanu, N
A1  - Egbu, R
A1  - Onyekuru, L
A1  - Javaheri, H
A1  - Khaw, PT
A1  - Williams, GR
A1  - Brocchini, S
A1  - Awwad, S
IS  - 10
ID  - discovery10113121
KW  - biologics
KW  -  drug delivery
KW  -  half-life
KW  -  intravenous
KW  -  mucosal
KW  -  ocular
KW  -  oral
KW  -  peptides
KW  -  proteins
KW  -  subcutaneous
ER  -