eprintid: 10103722
rev_number: 19
eprint_status: archive
userid: 608
dir: disk0/10/10/37/22
datestamp: 2020-07-06 14:01:11
lastmod: 2021-10-09 22:41:23
status_changed: 2020-07-06 14:01:11
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Lane, M
creators_name: Goh, C
creators_name: Craig, D
creators_name: Boyd, BJ
title: Profiling of drug crystallization in the skin
ispublished: pub
divisions: UCL
divisions: B02
divisions: C08
divisions: D10
divisions: G08
note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.
abstract: Background:
Drug crystallization following application of transdermal and topical formulations may potentially compromise the delivery of drugs to the skin. This phenomenon was found to be limited to the superficial layers of the stratum corneum (~7 µm) in our recent reports and tape stripping of the skin samples was necessary. It remains a significant challenge to profile drug crystallization in situ without damaging the skin samples.

Methods:
This work reports the application of an X-ray microbeam via synchrotron SAXS/WAXS analysis to monitor drug crystallization in the skin, especially in the deeper skin layers. Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) was employed to examine drug distribution in the skin to complement the detection of drug crystallization using SAXS/WAXS analysis.

Results:
Following application of saturated drug solutions (ibuprofen, diclofenac acid, and salts), CRS depth profiles confirmed that the drugs generally were delivered to a depth of ~15 – 20 µm in the skin. This was compared with the WAXS profiles that measured drug crystal diffraction at a depth of up to ~25 µm of the skin.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the potential of synchrotron SAXS/WAXS analysis for profiling of drug crystallization in situ in the deeper skin layers without pre-treatment for the skin samples.
date: 2020
date_type: published
publisher: Informa Healthcare
official_url: https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2020.1792440
oa_status: green
full_text_type: other
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
verified: verified_manual
elements_id: 1795034
doi: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1792440
lyricists_name: Craig, Duncan
lyricists_name: Lane, Majella
lyricists_id: DQMCR05
lyricists_id: MLANE69
actors_name: Lane, Majella
actors_id: MLANE69
actors_role: owner
full_text_status: public
publication: Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
volume: 17
number: 9
pagerange: 1321-1334
issn: 1742-5247
citation:        Lane, M;    Goh, C;    Craig, D;    Boyd, BJ;      (2020)    Profiling of drug crystallization in the skin.                   Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery , 17  (9)   pp. 1321-1334.    10.1080/17425247.2020.1792440 <https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2020.1792440>.       Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10103722/1/EODD-2020-ST-0135.R1_Proof_hi.pdf