eprintid: 10100052
rev_number: 30
eprint_status: archive
userid: 608
dir: disk0/10/10/00/52
datestamp: 2020-06-09 11:01:05
lastmod: 2021-10-23 23:02:57
status_changed: 2020-11-04 13:53:05
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Moss, J
creators_name: Jani, Y
creators_name: Edwards, B
creators_name: Tomlin, S
creators_name: Rashed, AN
title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evidence of adrenaline administered via auto-injector for anaphylactic reactions: a review of literature
ispublished: inpress
divisions: UCL
divisions: B02
divisions: C08
divisions: D10
divisions: G11
note: This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
abstract: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can lead to death if not treated quickly. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the first‐line treatment for anaphylaxis and its prompt administration is vital to reduce mortality. Following a number of high‐profile cases, serious concerns have been raised, both about the optimal dose of intramuscular adrenaline via an auto‐injector and the correct needle length to ensure maximal penetration every time.

To date, the public data are sparse on the pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics of adrenaline administered via an auto‐injector. The limited available literature showed a huge variation in the plasma concentrations of adrenaline administered through an auto‐injector, as well as variations in the auto‐injector needle length. Hence, delivering an effective dose during an anaphylaxis remains a challenge for both patients and healthcare professionals. Collaborative work between pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics experts, clinical triallists and licence holders is imperative to address this gap in evidence so that we can improve outcomes of anaphylaxis. In addition, we advise inclusion of expertise of human factors in usability studies given the necessity of carer or self‐administration in the uniquely stressful nature of anaphylaxis.
date: 2020
date_type: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
official_url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14438
oa_status: green
full_text_type: other
language: eng
primo: open
primo_central: open_green
verified: verified_manual
elements_id: 1788452
doi: 10.1111/bcp.14438
lyricists_name: Jani, Yogini
lyricists_id: YHJAN61
actors_name: Jani, Yogini
actors_name: Allington-Smith, Dominic
actors_id: YHJAN61
actors_id: DAALL44
actors_role: owner
actors_role: impersonator
full_text_status: public
publication: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
citation:        Moss, J;    Jani, Y;    Edwards, B;    Tomlin, S;    Rashed, AN;      (2020)    Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evidence of adrenaline administered via auto-injector for anaphylactic reactions: a review of literature.                   British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology        10.1111/bcp.14438 <https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14438>.    (In press).    Green open access   
 
document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10100052/1/Jani_bcp.14438.pdf