eprintid: 10094819 rev_number: 28 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/09/48/19 datestamp: 2020-04-27 11:00:27 lastmod: 2021-12-30 23:24:33 status_changed: 2020-04-27 11:00:27 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Iliopoulos, F creators_name: Monjur Al Hossain, ASM creators_name: Sil, BC creators_name: Moore, DJ creators_name: Lucas, RA creators_name: Lane, ME title: Topical delivery of 3-O-ethyl L-ascorbic acid from complex solvent systems ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C08 divisions: D10 divisions: G08 keywords: in vitro; topical formulations; porcine skin permeation; cosmetic and pharmaceutical product technology; finite dose; 3-O-ethyl l-ascorbic acid; antioxidant; vitamin C note: This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. abstract: 3-O-ethyl l-ascorbic acid (EA), an ether derivative of Vitamin C, is widely used in skincare formulations. Previously, we reported the effects of neat solvents on EA percutaneous absorption and observed that 0.6–7.5% of the applied EA was delivered through the skin over 24 h. In this work, we designed complex formulations using combinations of solvents that may act synergistically and examined their impact on EA permeation in porcine skin in vitro under finite dose conditions. Binary combinations of propylene glycol (PG) with propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML) were effective in enhancing skin permeation of EA compared with individual solvents (p < 0.05). Combining PGML with 1,2-hexanediol (HEX) did not result in significantly higher EA permeation compared with the neat solvents (p > 0.05). Addition of the volatile solvent isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to PG solutions also did not improve EA skin delivery compared with neat PG. Ternary solvent systems containing PG:PGML were subsequently prepared by the addition of a lipophilic solvent, either isopropyl myristate (IPM), medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) or isostearyl isostearate (ISIS). The optimum vehicle, PG:PGML:IPM, promoted up to 70.9% skin delivery of EA. The PG:PGML:ISIS vehicles also promoted EA permeation across the skin, but to a significantly lesser extent than the IPM-containing vehicles. No enhancement of EA delivery was noted for the PG:PGML:MCT mixtures. These results will inform the development of targeted formulations for EA in the future. date: 2020 date_type: published official_url: https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88020019 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1775902 doi: 10.3390/scipharm88020019 lyricists_name: Iliopoulos, Fotis lyricists_name: Lane, Majella lyricists_id: FILIO03 lyricists_id: MLANE69 actors_name: Flynn, Bernadette actors_id: BFFLY94 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Scientia Pharmaceutica volume: 88 number: 2 article_number: 19 issn: 2218-0532 citation: Iliopoulos, F; Monjur Al Hossain, ASM; Sil, BC; Moore, DJ; Lucas, RA; Lane, ME; (2020) Topical delivery of 3-O-ethyl L-ascorbic acid from complex solvent systems. Scientia Pharmaceutica , 88 (2) , Article 19. 10.3390/scipharm88020019 <https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88020019>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10094819/11/scipharm-88-00019-v3.pdf