%0 Journal Article %@ 1873-2402 %A de Zwarte, SMC %A Brouwer, RM %A Agartz, I %A Alda, M %A Aleman, A %A Alpert, KI %A Bearden, CE %A Bertolino, A %A Bois, C %A Bonvino, A %A Bramon, E %A Buimer, EEL %A Cahn, W %A Cannon, DM %A Cannon, TD %A Caseras, X %A Castro-Fornieles, J %A Chen, Q %A Chung, Y %A De la Serna, E %A Di Giorgio, A %A Doucet, GE %A Eker, MC %A Erk, S %A Fears, SC %A Foley, SF %A Frangou, S %A Frankland, A %A Fullerton, JM %A Glahn, DC %A Goghari, VM %A Goldman, AL %A Gonul, AS %A Gruber, O %A de Haan, L %A Hajek, T %A Hawkins, EL %A Heinz, A %A Hillegers, MHJ %A Pol, HEH %A Hultman, CM %A Ingvar, M %A Johansson, V %A Jonsson, EG %A Kane, F %A Kempton, MJ %A Koenis, MMG %A Kopecek, M %A Krabbendam, L %A Kraemer, B %A Lawrie, SM %A Lenroot, RK %A Marcelis, M %A Marsman, J-BC %A Mattay, VS %A McDonald, C %A Meyer-Lindenberg, A %A Michielse, S %A Mitchell, PB %A Moreno, D %A Murray, RM %A Mwangi, B %A Najt, P %A Neilson, E %A Newport, J %A van Os, J %A Overs, B %A Ozerdem, A %A Picchioni, MM %A Richter, A %A Roberts, G %A Aydogan, AS %A Schofield, PR %A Simsek, F %A Soares, JC %A Sugranyes, G %A Toulopoulou, T %A Tronchin, G %A Walter, H %A Wang, L %A Weinberger, DR %A Whalley, HC %A Yalin, N %A Andreassen, OA %A Ching, CRK %A van Erp, TGM %A Turner, JA %A Jahanshad, N %A Thompson, PM %A Kahn, RS %A van Haren, NEM %D 2019 %F discovery:10091739 %I ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC %J Biological Psychiatry %K Bipolar disorder, Familial risk, Imaging, Meta-analysis, Neurodevelopment, Schizophrenia %N 7 %P 545-556 %T The Association Between Familial Risk and Brain Abnormalities Is Disease Specific: An ENIGMA-Relatives Study of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder %U https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10091739/ %V 86 %X BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of global and subcortical brain measures of 6008 individuals (1228 FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for the presence of any psychopathology in the relatives and control subjects. RESULTS: FDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = 10.16, q , .05 corrected), whereas FDRs-SZ showed smaller thalamic volumes than control subjects (d = 20.12, q , .05 corrected). ICV explained the enlargements in the brain measures in FDRs-BD. In FDRs-SZ, after correction for ICV, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, and thalamus volumes were significantly smaller; the cortex was thinner (d , 20.09, q , .05 corrected); and third ventricle was larger (d = 10.15, q , .05 corrected). The findings were not explained by psychopathology in the relatives or control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite shared genetic liability, FDRs-SZ and FDRs-BD show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities, specifically a divergent effect in ICV. This may imply that the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading to brain anomalies in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are distinct. %Z Copyright © 2019 Society of Biological Psychiatry. This is an open access article under theCC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).