eprintid: 10091277 rev_number: 16 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/09/12/77 datestamp: 2020-02-26 14:18:29 lastmod: 2021-09-17 22:30:46 status_changed: 2020-02-26 14:18:29 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Al-Shayeb, B creators_name: Sachdeva, R creators_name: Chen, L-X creators_name: Ward, F creators_name: Munk, P creators_name: Devoto, A creators_name: Castelle, CJ creators_name: Olm, MR creators_name: Bouma-Gregson, K creators_name: Amano, Y creators_name: He, C creators_name: Méheust, R creators_name: Brooks, B creators_name: Thomas, A creators_name: Lavy, A creators_name: Matheus-Carnevali, P creators_name: Sun, C creators_name: Goltsman, DSA creators_name: Borton, MA creators_name: Sharrar, A creators_name: Jaffe, AL creators_name: Nelson, TC creators_name: Kantor, R creators_name: Keren, R creators_name: Lane, KR creators_name: Farag, IF creators_name: Lei, S creators_name: Finstad, K creators_name: Amundson, R creators_name: Anantharaman, K creators_name: Zhou, J creators_name: Probst, AJ creators_name: Power, ME creators_name: Tringe, SG creators_name: Li, W-J creators_name: Wrighton, K creators_name: Harrison, S creators_name: Morowitz, M creators_name: Relman, DA creators_name: Doudna, JA creators_name: Lehours, A-C creators_name: Warren, L creators_name: Cate, JHD creators_name: Santini, JM creators_name: Banfield, JF title: Clades of huge phages from across Earth's ecosystems ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C08 divisions: D09 divisions: G03 keywords: Bacteriophages, Environmental microbiology, This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Metagenomics note: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. abstract: Bacteriophages typically have small genomes and depend on their bacterial hosts for replication. Here we sequenced DNA from diverse ecosystems and found hundreds of phage genomes with lengths of more than 200 kilobases (kb), including a genome of 735 kb, which is-to our knowledge-the largest phage genome to be described to date. Thirty-five genomes were manually curated to completion (circular and no gaps). Expanded genetic repertoires include diverse and previously undescribed CRISPR-Cas systems, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA synthetases, tRNA-modification enzymes, translation-initiation and elongation factors, and ribosomal proteins. The CRISPR-Cas systems of phages have the capacity to silence host transcription factors and translational genes, potentially as part of a larger interaction network that intercepts translation to redirect biosynthesis to phage-encoded functions. In addition, some phages may repurpose bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems to eliminate competing phages. We phylogenetically define the major clades of huge phages from human and other animal microbiomes, as well as from oceans, lakes, sediments, soils and the built environment. We conclude that the large gene inventories of huge phages reflect a conserved biological strategy, and that the phages are distributed across a broad bacterial host range and across Earth's ecosystems. date: 2020-02-20 official_url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2007-4 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1753061 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2007-4 pii: 10.1038/s41586-020-2007-4 lyricists_name: Santini, Giovanna lyricists_id: JMSAN31 actors_name: Santini, Giovanna actors_id: JMSAN31 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Nature volume: 578 pagerange: 425-431 event_location: England citation: Al-Shayeb, B; Sachdeva, R; Chen, L-X; Ward, F; Munk, P; Devoto, A; Castelle, CJ; ... Banfield, JF; + view all <#> Al-Shayeb, B; Sachdeva, R; Chen, L-X; Ward, F; Munk, P; Devoto, A; Castelle, CJ; Olm, MR; Bouma-Gregson, K; Amano, Y; He, C; Méheust, R; Brooks, B; Thomas, A; Lavy, A; Matheus-Carnevali, P; Sun, C; Goltsman, DSA; Borton, MA; Sharrar, A; Jaffe, AL; Nelson, TC; Kantor, R; Keren, R; Lane, KR; Farag, IF; Lei, S; Finstad, K; Amundson, R; Anantharaman, K; Zhou, J; Probst, AJ; Power, ME; Tringe, SG; Li, W-J; Wrighton, K; Harrison, S; Morowitz, M; Relman, DA; Doudna, JA; Lehours, A-C; Warren, L; Cate, JHD; Santini, JM; Banfield, JF; - view fewer <#> (2020) Clades of huge phages from across Earth's ecosystems. Nature , 578 pp. 425-431. 10.1038/s41586-020-2007-4 <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2007-4>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10091277/1/Al-Shayeb%20et%20al.%202020.pdf