eprintid: 10087074 rev_number: 22 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/08/70/74 datestamp: 2019-12-03 13:43:34 lastmod: 2021-12-02 00:17:15 status_changed: 2019-12-03 13:43:34 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Virtanen, M creators_name: Jokela, M creators_name: Lallukka, T creators_name: Magnusson Hanson, L creators_name: Pentti, J creators_name: Nyberg, ST creators_name: Alfredsson, L creators_name: Batty, GD creators_name: Casini, A creators_name: Clays, E creators_name: DeBacquer, D creators_name: Ervasti, J creators_name: Fransson, E creators_name: Halonen, JI creators_name: Head, J creators_name: Kittel, F creators_name: Knutsson, A creators_name: Leineweber, C creators_name: Nordin, M creators_name: Oksanen, T creators_name: Pietiläinen, O creators_name: Rahkonen, O creators_name: Salo, P creators_name: Singh-Manoux, A creators_name: Stenholm, S creators_name: Suominen, SB creators_name: Theorell, T creators_name: Vahtera, J creators_name: Westerholm, P creators_name: Westerlund, H creators_name: Kivimäki, M title: Long working hours and change in body weight: analysis of individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies ispublished: inpress divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: D12 divisions: G19 note: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between long working hours and change in body mass index (BMI). METHODS We performed random effects meta-analyses using individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies from Europe, US and Australia (n = 122,078), with a mean of 4.4-year follow-up. Working hours were measured at baseline and categorised as part time (<35 h/week), standard weekly hours (35–40 h, reference), 41–48 h, 49–54 h and ≥55 h/week (long working hours). There were four outcomes at follow-up: (1) overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) or (2) overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) among participants without overweight/obesity at baseline; (3) obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) among participants with overweight at baseline, and (4) weight loss among participants with obesity at baseline. RESULTS Of the 61,143 participants without overweight/obesity at baseline, 20.2% had overweight/obesity at follow-up. Compared with standard weekly working hours, the age-, sex- and socioeconomic status-adjusted relative risk (RR) of overweight/obesity was 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–1.00) for part-time work, 1.07 (1.02–1.12) for 41–48 weekly working hours, 1.09 (1.03–1.16) for 49–54 h and 1.17 (1.08–1.27) for long working hours (P for trend <0.0001). The findings were similar after multivariable adjustment and in subgroup analyses. Long working hours were associated with an excess risk of shift from normal weight to overweight rather than from overweight to obesity. Long working hours were not associated with weight loss among participants with obesity. CONCLUSIONS This analysis of large individual-participant data suggests a small excess risk of overweight among the healthy-weight people who work long hours. date: 2019-11-25 date_type: published official_url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0480-3 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1723671 doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0480-3 pii: 10.1038/s41366-019-0480-3 lyricists_name: Batty, George lyricists_name: Head, Jennifer lyricists_name: Kivimaki, Mika lyricists_name: Singh-Manoux, Archana lyricists_id: GDBAT67 lyricists_id: JAHEA10 lyricists_id: MJKIV95 lyricists_id: ASING25 actors_name: Austen, Jennifer actors_id: JAUST66 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: International Journal of Obesity event_location: England citation: Virtanen, M; Jokela, M; Lallukka, T; Magnusson Hanson, L; Pentti, J; Nyberg, ST; Alfredsson, L; ... Kivimäki, M; + view all <#> Virtanen, M; Jokela, M; Lallukka, T; Magnusson Hanson, L; Pentti, J; Nyberg, ST; Alfredsson, L; Batty, GD; Casini, A; Clays, E; DeBacquer, D; Ervasti, J; Fransson, E; Halonen, JI; Head, J; Kittel, F; Knutsson, A; Leineweber, C; Nordin, M; Oksanen, T; Pietiläinen, O; Rahkonen, O; Salo, P; Singh-Manoux, A; Stenholm, S; Suominen, SB; Theorell, T; Vahtera, J; Westerholm, P; Westerlund, H; Kivimäki, M; - view fewer <#> (2019) Long working hours and change in body weight: analysis of individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies. International Journal of Obesity 10.1038/s41366-019-0480-3 <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0480-3>. (In press). Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10087074/1/s41366-019-0480-3.pdf