eprintid: 10085153 rev_number: 16 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/08/51/53 datestamp: 2019-11-14 16:29:57 lastmod: 2021-09-17 22:16:08 status_changed: 2019-11-14 16:29:57 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Mainka, T creators_name: Balint, B creators_name: Gövert, F creators_name: Kurvits, L creators_name: van Riesen, C creators_name: Kühn, AA creators_name: Tijssen, MAJ creators_name: Lees, AJ creators_name: Müller-Vahl, K creators_name: Bhatia, KP creators_name: Ganos, C title: The spectrum of involuntary vocalizations in humans: A video atlas ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C07 divisions: D07 divisions: F84 keywords: Involuntary vocalizations, movement disorders, vocalizing behavior note: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ abstract: In clinical practice, involuntary vocalizing behaviors are typically associated with Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. However, they may also be encountered throughout the entire tenor of neuropsychiatry, movement disorders, and neurodevelopmental syndromes. Importantly, involuntary vocalizing behaviors may often constitute a predominant clinical sign, and, therefore, their early recognition and appropriate classification are necessary to guide diagnosis and treatment. Clinical literature and video‐documented cases on the topic are surprisingly scarce. Here, we pooled data from 5 expert centers of movement disorders, with instructive video material to cover the entire range of involuntary vocalizations in humans. Medical literature was also reviewed to document the range of possible etiologies associated with the different types of vocalizing behaviors and to explore treatment options. We propose a phenomenological classification of involuntary vocalizations within different categorical domains, including (1) tics and tic‐like vocalizations, (2) vocalizations as part of stereotypies, (3) vocalizations as part of dystonia or chorea, (4) continuous vocalizing behaviors such as groaning or grunting, (5) pathological laughter and crying, (6) vocalizations resembling physiological reflexes, and (7) other vocalizations, for example, those associated with exaggerated startle responses, as part of epilepsy and sleep‐related phenomena. We provide comprehensive lists of their associated etiologies, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, neuroimmunological, and structural causes and clinical clues. We then expand on the pathophysiology of the different vocalizing behaviors and comment on available treatment options. Finally, we present an algorithmic approach that covers the wide range of involuntary vocalizations in humans, with the ultimate goal of improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding appropriate treatment. date: 2019-10-25 date_type: published official_url: https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27855 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1714124 doi: 10.1002/mds.27855 lyricists_name: Bhatia, Kailash lyricists_name: Lees, Andrew lyricists_id: KPBHA96 lyricists_id: AJLEE60 actors_name: Kalinowski, Damian actors_id: DKALI47 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Movement Disorders event_location: United States citation: Mainka, T; Balint, B; Gövert, F; Kurvits, L; van Riesen, C; Kühn, AA; Tijssen, MAJ; ... Ganos, C; + view all <#> Mainka, T; Balint, B; Gövert, F; Kurvits, L; van Riesen, C; Kühn, AA; Tijssen, MAJ; Lees, AJ; Müller-Vahl, K; Bhatia, KP; Ganos, C; - view fewer <#> (2019) The spectrum of involuntary vocalizations in humans: A video atlas. Movement Disorders 10.1002/mds.27855 <https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27855>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10085153/1/Bhatia_The%20spectrum%20of%20involuntary%20vocalizations%20in%20humans.%20A%20video%20atlas_AOP.pdf