TY - JOUR N1 - his work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ TI - The Connection between the Averted Infections Ratio and the Rate Ratio in Active-control Trials of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Agents Y1 - 2019/07/12/ UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/scid-2019-0006 ID - discovery10079834 PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH VL - 11 JF - Statistical Communications in Infectious Diseases N2 - The design and analysis of active-control trials to evaluate experimental HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) agents pose serious statistical challenges. We recently proposed a new outcome measure, the averted infections ratio (AIR) ? the proportion of infections that would be averted by using the experimental agent rather than the control agent (compared to no intervention). The main aim of the current paper is to examine the mathematical connection between AIR and the HIV incidence rate ratio, the standard outcome measure. We also consider the sample size implications of the choice of primary outcome measure and explore the connection between effectiveness and efficacy under a simplified model of adherence. KW - hiv KW - non-inferiority KW - active-control trials SN - 1948-4690 A1 - Dunn, DT A1 - Glidden, DV AV - public IS - 1 ER -