?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Measuring+Environmental+Action+and+Economic+Performance+in+Developing+Countries&rft.creator=Scrieciu%2C+%C5%9Eerban&rft.description=Significant+advances+have+been+made+in+measuring+the+stringency+of+environmental+policies%2C+and+understanding+the+relationship+between+environmental+action+and+economic+dynamics%2C+particularly+in+high-income+countries.+Despite+this%2C+unequivocal+empirical+evidence+on+the+impact+of+environmental+policies+on+economic+performance+remains+elusive%2C+with+conclusions+being+highly+dependent+on+the+conceptual+and+methodological+choices+with+respect+to+defining+and+measuring+the+stringency+of+environmental+policies.+Most+importantly%2C+the+literature+evaluating+these+issues+in+developing+countries+remains+sparse+and+robust+findings+are+even+more+difficult+to+extract.+This+study+reviews+the+existing+body+of+work+in+both+developed%2C+and%2C+where+available%2C+developing+countries.+It+provides+a+comprehensive+assessment+of+how+environmental+policy+stringency+has+been+measured%2C+outlining+definitional+and+conceptual+challenges.+It+discusses+the+advantages+and+disadvantages+of+different+indicators%2C+and+their+usefulness+for+application+in+developing+countries.+In+an+effort+to+improve+our+understanding+of+the+impact+of+environmental+policy+stringency+in+middleand+low-income+countries%2C+the+study+draws+lessons+for+the+prioritization+of+future+data+collection+and+measurement+efforts.+Through+the+study%2C+two+types+of+stringency+indicators+emerge+as+requiring+the+most+attention%3A+de+facto+enforcement+indicators+and+de+jure+explicit+measures+that+capture+the+stringency+of+specific+environmental+laws%2C+rules+and+regulations.+While+there+is+no+%E2%80%9Cbest%E2%80%9D+conceivable+measure+of+the+stringency+of+environmental+policies%2C+a+multidimensional+approach+to+quantifying+stringency+in+developing+countries%2C+with+a+focus+on+explicit+direct+measures%2C+is+advocated.+Data+collection+and+indicator-improvement+efforts+need%2C+though%2C+to+be+updated+periodically+and+supplemented+by+other+proxies+for+environmental+stringency.&rft.subject=Environmental+policy%2C+stringency+measures+and+indicators%2C+competitiveness%2C+economic+growth%2C+productivity%2C+developed+countries%2C+developing+countries&rft.publisher=UNEP+%2F+Green+Growth+Knowledge+Platform&rft.date=2015-05&rft.type=Report&rft.language=eng&rft.source=++++(GGKP+Research+Committee+on+Trade+and+Competitiveness.+Working+Pape++01%2F2015++).+UNEP+%2F+Green+Growth+Knowledge+Platform%3A+Geneva%2C+Switzerland.+++++&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10073124%2F1%2FScrieciu_Measuring_Environmental_Action_and_Economic_Performance_in_Developing_Countries_GGKP.pdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10073124%2F&rft.rights=open