TY - JOUR VL - 10 ID - discovery10071093 AV - public A1 - Riva, A A1 - Mehta, G SN - 1664-3224 EP - 7 KW - cirrhosis KW - ACLF KW - ARLD KW - ALD KW - alcoholic hepatitis KW - innate immune cell KW - myeloid KW - immune checkpoint UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00167 Y1 - 2019/02// PB - FRONTIERS MEDIA SA N2 - Many aspects of the innate immune system have been studied in cirrhosis, and abnormalities have been described supporting both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotype of myeloid cells. However, the findings of these studies vary by stage of disease and methodology. The recent description of the syndrome of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has refined our understanding of the natural history of cirrhosis. In this context, we review the regulatory mechanisms at play that contribute to the immune abnormalities described in advanced liver disease. Specifically, we review the evidence for epigenetic mechanisms regulating monocyte phenotype, and the role of checkpoint receptors on regulating innate and adaptive immune cell function. TI - Regulation of Monocyte-Macrophage Responses in Cirrhosis-Role of Innate Immune Programming and Checkpoint Receptors JF - Frontiers in Immunology N1 - © 2019 Riva and Mehta. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ER -