eprintid: 10070260 rev_number: 24 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/07/02/60 datestamp: 2019-03-18 10:33:08 lastmod: 2021-09-19 23:33:22 status_changed: 2019-03-18 10:33:08 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Taylor, J creators_name: Shrubsole, C creators_name: Symonds, P creators_name: Mackenzie, I creators_name: Davies, M title: Application of an indoor air pollution metamodel to a spatially-distributed housing stock ispublished: inpress divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C04 divisions: F34 keywords: Building physics, I/O ratios, Air pollution, PM2.5, NO2 note: Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). abstract: Estimates of population air pollution exposure typically rely on the outdoor component only, and rarely account for populations spending the majority of their time indoors. Housing is an important modifier of air pollution exposure due to outdoor pollution infiltrating indoors, and the removal of indoor-sourced pollution through active or passive ventilation. Here, we describe the application of an indoor air pollution modelling tool to a spatially distributed housing stock model for England and Wales, developed from Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) data and containing information for approximately 11.5 million dwellings. First, we estimate indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios and total indoor concentrations of outdoor air pollution for PM2.5 and NO2 for all EPC dwellings in London. The potential to estimate concentration from both indoor and outdoor sources is then demonstrated by modelling indoor background CO levels for England and Wales pre- and post-energy efficient adaptation, including heating, cooking, and smoking as internal sources. In London, we predict a median I/O ratio of 0.60 (99% CIs; 0.53–0.73) for outdoor PM2.5 and 0.41 (99%CIs; 0.34–0.59) for outdoor NO2; Pearson correlation analysis indicates a greater spatial modification of PM2.5 exposure by housing (ρ = 0.81) than NO2 (ρ = 0.88). For the demonstrative CO model, concentrations ranged from 0.4–9.9 ppm (99%CIs)(median = 3.0 ppm) in kitchens and 0.3–25.6 ppm (median = 6.4 ppm) in living rooms. Clusters of elevated indoor concentration are found in urban areas due to higher outdoor concentrations and smaller dwellings with reduced ventilation potential, with an estimated 17.6% increase in the number of living rooms and 63% increase in the number of kitchens exceeding recommended exposure levels following retrofit without additional ventilation. The model has the potential to rapidly calculate indoor pollution exposure across large housing stocks and estimate changes to exposure under different pollution or housing policy scenarios. date: 2019-06-01 date_type: published official_url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.341 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1639240 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.341 lyricists_name: Davies, Michael lyricists_name: Shrubsole, Clive lyricists_name: Symonds, Philip lyricists_name: Taylor, Jonathon lyricists_id: MDAVI86 lyricists_id: CSHRU11 lyricists_id: PSYMO82 lyricists_id: JGTAY63 actors_name: Taylor, Jonathon actors_id: JGTAY63 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Science of the Total Environment volume: 667 pagerange: 390-399 issn: 1879-1026 citation: Taylor, J; Shrubsole, C; Symonds, P; Mackenzie, I; Davies, M; (2019) Application of an indoor air pollution metamodel to a spatially-distributed housing stock. Science of the Total Environment , 667 pp. 390-399. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.341 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.341>. (In press). Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10070260/1/application%20of%20an%20indoor%20air%20pollution%20metamodel%20to%20a%20spatially-distributed%20housing%20stock.pdf