TY - JOUR SP - 1698 VL - 71 N1 - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions. IS - 8 SN - 1747-0226 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17470218.2017.1373834 A1 - Travers, E A1 - Frith, CD A1 - Shea, N JF - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology EP - 1713 AV - public Y1 - 2018/08// TI - Learning rapidly about the relevance of visual cues requires conscious awareness PB - ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ID - discovery10066119 N2 - Humans have been shown to be capable of performing many cognitive tasks using information of which they are not consciously aware. This raises questions about what role consciousness actually plays in cognition. Here, we explored whether participants can learn cue-target contingencies in an attentional learning task when the cues were presented below the level of conscious awareness and how this differs from learning about conscious cues. Participants? manual (Experiment 1) and saccadic (Experiment 2) response speeds were influenced by both conscious and unconscious cues. However, participants were only able to adapt to reversals of the cue-target contingencies (Experiment 1) or changes in the reliability of the cues (Experiment 2) when consciously aware of the cues. Therefore, although visual cues can be processed unconsciously, learning about cues over a few trials requires conscious awareness of them. Finally, we discuss implications for cognitive theories of consciousness. KW - Consciousness KW - learning KW - attention KW - masked priming ER -