eprintid: 10063978 rev_number: 26 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/06/39/78 datestamp: 2021-11-24 17:31:36 lastmod: 2021-11-24 23:21:17 status_changed: 2021-11-24 17:31:36 type: proceedings_section metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Bootle, J creators_name: Cerulli, A creators_name: Groth, J creators_name: Jakobsen, S creators_name: Maller, M title: Arya: Nearly linear-time zero-knowledge proofs for correct program execution ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F48 keywords: Zero-knowledge proofs, Succinct arguments of knowledge, TinyRAM, Ideal linear commitments, Post-quantum security note: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: There have been tremendous advances in reducing interaction, communication and verification time in zero-knowledge proofs but it remains an important challenge to make the prover efficient. We construct the first zero-knowledge proof of knowledge for the correct execution of a program on public and private inputs where the prover computation is nearly linear time. This saves a polylogarithmic factor in asymptotic performance compared to current state of the art proof systems. We use the TinyRAM model to capture general purpose processor computation. An instance consists of a TinyRAM program and public inputs. The witness consists of additional private inputs to the program. The prover can use our proof system to convince the verifier that the program terminates with the intended answer within given time and memory bounds. Our proof system has perfect completeness, statistical special honest verifier zero-knowledge, and computational knowledge soundness assuming linear-time computable collision-resistant hash functions exist. The main advantage of our new proof system is asymptotically efficient prover computation. The prover’s running time is only a superconstant factor larger than the program’s running time in an apples-to-apples comparison where the prover uses the same TinyRAM model. Our proof system is also efficient on the other performance parameters; the verifier’s running time and the communication are sublinear in the execution time of the program and we only use a log-logarithmic number of rounds. date: 2018-10-27 date_type: published publisher: Springer official_url: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03326-2_20 oa_status: green full_text_type: other language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1563386 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-03326-2_20 isbn_13: 978-3-030-03325-5 lyricists_name: Bootle, Jonathan lyricists_name: Cerulli, Andrea lyricists_name: Groth, Jens lyricists_id: JBOOT21 lyricists_id: ACERU17 lyricists_id: JGROT52 actors_name: Groth, Jens actors_id: JGROT52 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) volume: 11272 place_of_pub: Cham, Switzerland pagerange: 595-626 issn: 0302-9743 book_title: Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2018: 24th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, December 2–6, 2018, Proceedings, Part I editors_name: Peyrin, T editors_name: Galbraith, S citation: Bootle, J; Cerulli, A; Groth, J; Jakobsen, S; Maller, M; (2018) Arya: Nearly linear-time zero-knowledge proofs for correct program execution. In: Peyrin, T and Galbraith, S, (eds.) Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2018: 24th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, December 2–6, 2018, Proceedings, Part I. (pp. pp. 595-626). Springer: Cham, Switzerland. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10063978/1/ZKRAM-Asiacrypt2018-Final.pdf