@inproceedings{discovery10059302,
         journal = {2018 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOPS (ICC WORKSHOPS)},
       publisher = {IEEE},
            year = {2018},
           title = {Undersampled Pulse Width Modulation for Optical Camera Communications},
          series = {IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops},
           month = {January},
       booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)},
         address = {Kansas City, MO, USA},
            note = {This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.},
        keywords = {Optical camera communications, undersampled pulse width modulation, visible light communications},
            issn = {2164-7038},
          author = {Luo, P and Jiang, T and Haigh, PA and Ghassemlooya, Z and Zvanovec, S},
        abstract = {An undersampled pulse width modulation (UPWM) scheme is proposed to enable users to establish a non- flickering optical camera communications (OCC) link. With UPWM, only a digital light emitting diode (LED) driver is needed to send signals using a higher order modulation. Similar to other undersample-based modulation schemes for OCC, a dedicated preamble is required to assist the receiver to indicate the phase error introduced during the undersampling process, and to compensate for nonlinear distortion caused by the in-built gamma correction function of the camera. To test the performance of the UPWM- based OCC system, an experimental test-bed is developed. The experimental results show that the proposed system is able to achieve a data rate of 150 bps (spectrum efficiency of 5 bits/symbol) at a bit error rate of 6.76{$\times$}10{\^{ }}-4, which is well below the forward error correction limit of 3.8{$\times$}10{\^{ }}-3, over a link span of 1 m using a Huawei Nexus 6P smartphone with a frame rate of 30 fps.},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2018.8403732}
}