%O This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. %X OBJECTIVE: Whether intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) associated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC-ICH) has a better outcome compared to ICH associated with vitamin-K antagonists (VKA-ICH) is uncertain. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing clinical and radiological outcomes between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH patients. The primary outcome measure was 30-day all-cause mortality. All outcomes were assessed in multivariable regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, ICH location and intraventricular haemorrhage extension. RESULTS: We included 7 eligible studies comprising 219 NOAC-ICH and 831 VKA-ICH patients (mean age:77 years,52.5% females). The 30-day mortality was similar between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH (24.3% vs. 26.5%; HR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.67 to 1.31). However, in multivariable analyses adjusting for potential confounders, NOAC-ICH was associated with: lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (linear regression coefficient=-2.83, 95%CI:-5.28 to -0.38); lower likelihood of severe stroke (NIHSS>10 points) on admission (OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.30 to 0.84); and smaller baseline haematoma volume (linear regression coefficient=-0.24,95%CI:-0.47 to -0.16). The two groups did not differ in the likelihood of: baseline haematoma volume less than 30cm3 (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.81 to 1.62); haematoma expansion (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.63 to 1.48); in-hospital mortality (OR=0.73,95%CI: 0.49 to 1.11); functional status at discharge (common OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.57 to 1.07); or functional status at three months (common OR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.75 to 1.43). INTERPRETATION: Although functional outcome at discharge, one month or three months were comparable after NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH, patients with NOAC-ICH had smaller baseline haematoma volumes and less severe acute stroke syndromes. %C United States %L discovery10057877 %K haematoma volume, individual patient data meta-analysis, intracerebral haemorrhage, non-vitamin K antagonist, outcome, vitamin K antagonist %J Annals of Neurology %D 2018 %P 694-704 %N 5 %V 84 %A G Tsivgoulis %A D Wilson %A AH Katsanos %A J Sargento-Freitas %A C Marques-Matos %A E Azevedo %A T Adachi %A C von der Brelie %A Y Aizawa %A H Abe %A H Tomita %A K Okumura %A J Hagii %A DJ Seiffge %A V-A Lioutas %A C Traenka %A P Varelas %A G Basir %A C Krogias %A JC Purrucker %A VK Sharma %A T Rizos %A R Mikulik %A OA Sobowale %A K Barlinn %A H Sallinen %A N Goyal %A S-J Yeh %A T Karapanayiotides %A TY Wu %A K Vadikolias %A M Ferrigno %A G Hadjigeorgiou %A R Houben %A S Giannopoulos %A FHBM Schreuder %A JJ Chang %A LA Perry %A M Mehdorn %A J-P Marto %A J Pinho %A J Tanaka %A M Boulanger %A RA-S Salman %A HR Jäger %A C Shakeshaft %A Y Yakushiji %A PMC Choi %A J Staals %A C Cordonnier %A J-S Jeng %A R Veltkamp %A D Dowlatshahi %A ST Engelter %A AR Parry-Jones %A A Meretoja %A P Mitsias %A AV Alexandrov %A G Ambler %A DJ Werring %T Neuroimaging and clinical outcomes of oral anticoagulant associated ICH