@article{discovery10056826,
           month = {September},
            note = {Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.},
          volume = {8},
           title = {Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of inflammatory markers in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders},
       publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
            year = {2018},
         journal = {Scientific Reports},
             url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31517-z},
            issn = {2045-2322},
        keywords = {Science \& Technology, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Science \& Technology - Other Topics, PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY, MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION, DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA, RATING-SCALE, DEMENTIA, ASTROCYTES, DEPRESSION, ALZHEIMERS, BIOMARKERS},
        abstract = {Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We here investigate levels of inflammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD) compared with neurologically healthy controls. We included 131 patients with PD and 27 PD with dementia (PDD), 24 with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 14 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 50 controls, all part of the Swedish BioFINDER study. CSF was analyzed for CRP, SAA, IL-6, IL-8, YKL-40 and MCP-1 (CCL2) as well as {\ensuremath{\alpha}}-synuclein ({\ensuremath{\alpha}}-syn), tau, tau phosphorylated at Thr181 (P-tau), A{\ensuremath{\beta}}42 and NfL. In this exploratory study, we found higher levels of the inflammatory biomarker SAA in PDD and MSA compared with controls and PD and higher levels of CRP in PDD and MSA compared with PD. YKL-40 was lower in PD compared with controls. There were multiple positive correlations between the inflammatory markers, {\ensuremath{\alpha}}-syn and markers of neuroaxonal injury (NfL and tau). In PD, higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers correlated with worse motor function and cognitive impairment. Thus, inflammatory biomarkers were increased in PDD and MSA. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers correlated with more severe disease regarding motor symptoms and cognitive impairment in PD, indicating an association between inflammation and more aggressive disease course. However, the results need confirmation in follow-up studies.},
          author = {Hall, S and Janelidze, S and Surova, Y and Widner, H and Zetterberg, H and Hansson, O}
}