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<https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10055809> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "OBJECTIVE: Neural interfaces and other implantable micro-devices that use polymer-encapsulated integrated circuits will only be allowed in medical devices when their lifetimes can be estimated from experimental data. An apparatus has been developed and tested that allows hundreds of insulation samples (interdigitated combs) to be aged under accelerated conditions of high temperature and voltage stress. Occasionally, aging is interrupted while the sample's impedance is measured; the impedance spectrogram shows degradation as it progresses before failure.&#13; Approach. The design was based on practical considerations which are reviewed. A Solartron Modulab provides the frequency response analyser and the femtoammeter. The apparatus can accommodate batches of samples at several temperatures and with different aging voltage waveforms. It is important to understand features of the spectra that are not due to comb-comb leakage; these have been observed and investigated using SPICE.&#13; Main results. The design is described in detail and tests show that it is capable of making measurements over long periods, at least up to 67°C. Despite the size of the apparatus, background capacitance is about 1 pF and comb-comb capacitances of about 30 pF can be measured down to 10 mHz. an impedance of about 100GΩ. An important discovery was the advantage of grounding the bathing solution, mainly because it raises the measurement ceiling. Observation and SPICE simulation show that leakage from the substrate to the bathing solution can give phase lags &gt;90°, in contrast to comb-comb leakage which reduces phase lag to &lt;90°.&#13; Significance. We think that the value of this paper is that it will facilitate research into the endurance of small implanted devices because, given a description of proven apparatus, researchers can start building their own apparatus relatively quickly and with confidence.&#13."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
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