?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Causal+Chain+Analysis+in+Systematic+Reviews+of+International+Development+Interventions&rft.creator=Kneale%2C+D&rft.creator=Thomas%2C+J&rft.creator=Bangpan%2C+M&rft.creator=Waddington%2C+H&rft.creator=Gough%2C+D&rft.description=Understanding+the+extent+to+which+an+intervention+%E2%80%98works%E2%80%99+can+provide+compelling+evidence+to+decision-makers%2C+although+without+an+accompanying+explanation+of+how+an+intervention+works%2C+this+evidence+can+be+difficult+to+apply+in+other+settings%2C+ultimately+impeding+its+usefulness+in+making+judicious+and+evidence-informed+decisions.+In+this+paper%2C+we+describe+causal+chain+analysis+as+involving+the+development+of+a+logic+model%2C+which+outlines+graphically+a+hypothesis+of+how+an+intervention+leads+to+a+change+in+an+outcome.+This+logic+model+is+then+used+to+anchor+subsequent+decisions+in+the+systematic+review+process%2C+including+decisions+on+synthesis.+In+this+paper%2C+we+outline+the+steps+taken+in+building+a+logic+model%2C+which+usually+consists+of+a+series+of+boxes+depicting+intervention+components+and+processes%2C+outputs%2C+and+outcomes+with+arrows+depicting+connecting+relationships.+The+nature+of+these+connecting+relationships+and+their+basis+in+causality+are+considered%2C+through+a+focus+on+complex+causal+relationships+and+the+way+in+which+contextual+factors+about+the+intervention+setting+or+population+may+moderate+these.+We+also+explore+the+way+in+which+specific+combinations+of+intervention+components+may+lead+to+successful+interventions.+Evidence+synthesis+techniques+are+discussed+in+the+context+of+causal+chain+analysis%2C+and+their+usefulness+in+exploring+different+parts+of+the+causal+chain+or+different+types+of+relationship.+The+approaches+outlined+in+this+paper+aim+to+assist+systematic+reviewers+in+producing+findings+that+are+useful+to+decision-makers+and+practitioners%2C+and+in+turn%2C+help+to+confirm+existing+theories+or+develop+entirely+new+ways+of+understanding+how+interventions+effect+change.&rft.subject=systematic+reviews%2C+international+development%2C+logic+models%2C+evidence+synthesis%2C+causality&rft.publisher=The+Centre+of+Excellence+for+Development+Impact+and+Learning+(CEDIL)&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft.type=Report&rft.language=eng&rft.source=++++(CEDIL+Inception+Papers++CEDIL+In++).+The+Centre+of+Excellence+for+Development+Impact+and+Learning+(CEDIL)%3A+London%2C+UK.+++++&rft.format=text&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10055248%2F1%2FInception-Paper-No-4.pdf&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10055248%2F&rft.rights=open