eprintid: 10053146 rev_number: 20 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/05/31/46 datestamp: 2018-11-14 14:35:40 lastmod: 2021-10-13 22:54:25 status_changed: 2018-11-14 14:35:40 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: An, L creators_name: Cox, BT title: Estimating relative chromophore concentrations from multiwavelength photoacoustic images using independent component analysis ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B04 divisions: C05 divisions: F42 keywords: Independent component analysis, Chromophores, Absorption, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Error analysis, Tissues, Photoacoustic imaging note: This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. abstract: Independent component analysis (ICA) is an unmixing method based on a linear model. It has previously been applied in in vivo multiwavelength photoacoustic imaging studies to unmix the components representing individual chromophores by assuming that they are statistically independent. Numerically simulated and experimentally acquired two-dimensional images of tissue-mimicking phantoms are used to investigate the conditions required for ICA to give accurate estimates of the relative chromophore concentrations. A simple approximate fluence correction was applied to reduce but not completely remove the nonlinear fluence distortion, as might be possible in practice. The results show that ICA is robust against the residual effect of the partially corrected fluence distortion. ICA is shown to provide accurate unmixing of the chromophores when the absorption coefficient is within a certain range of values, where the upper absorption threshold is comparable to the absorption of blood. When the absorption is increased beyond these thresholds, ICA abruptly fails to unmix the chromophores accurately. The ICA approach was compared to a linear spectroscopic inversion (SI) with known absorption spectra. In cases where the mixing matrix with the specific absorption spectra is ill-conditioned, ICA is able to provide accurate unmixing when SI results in large errors. date: 2018-07-10 date_type: published publisher: SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS official_url: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.23.7.076007 oa_status: green full_text_type: pub language: eng primo: open primo_central: open_green verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1567617 doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.23.7.076007 lyricists_name: Cox, Benjamin lyricists_id: BTCOX21 actors_name: Cuccu, Clara actors_id: CCCUC40 actors_role: owner full_text_status: public publication: Journal of Biomedical Optics volume: 23 number: 7 article_number: 076007 pages: 10 issn: 1560-2281 citation: An, L; Cox, BT; (2018) Estimating relative chromophore concentrations from multiwavelength photoacoustic images using independent component analysis. Journal of Biomedical Optics , 23 (7) , Article 076007. 10.1117/1.JBO.23.7.076007 <https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.23.7.076007>. Green open access document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10053146/1/An_Lu_Estimating.pdf