TY  - JOUR
VL  - 14
SP  - 596
JF  - Current Organic Synthesis
A1  - Nasirudeen, MB
A1  - Hailes, HC
A1  - Evans, JRG
PB  - BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
Y1  - 2017///
N2  - BACKGROUND: The production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from biomass provides an alternative pathway for many commercial chemicals and polymers particularly for countries with high insolation such as sub-Saharan Africa.

OBJECTIVE: The goal is continuous or semi-continuous dehydration of glucose and fructose to 5-HMF over a reusable castalyst in a process which is commmercial viable.
METHOD: We deploy a separable and resuable catalyst, a low volatility solvent and reactive vacuum distillation.
Results: Using a sulfated zirconia (SZ) catalyst in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid as solvent, we are able to separate the product by reactive vacuum distillation and obtain yields for 5-HMF of 82% and 65% at a 5 g experimental scale using fructose and glucose as substrates in a 2 h reaction time at 180 oC. The ionic liquid and SZ exhibited high activity when recycled for five successive trials.
CONCLUSION: The low volatility solvent and solid catalyst allow for reactive vacuum distillation taking the sequence of steps from biomass such as Cassava to 5-HMF closer to commercial viability.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2174/1570179414666161115155958
ID  - discovery10046122
N1  - This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions.
KW  - 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF)
KW  -  catalysis
KW  -  ionic liquids
KW  -  cassava
SN  - 1875-6271
TI  - Preparation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose and Fructose in Ionic Liquids by Reactive Vacuum Distillation Over a Solid Catalyst
AV  - public
IS  - 4
EP  - 603
ER  -