eprintid: 10045651 rev_number: 27 eprint_status: archive userid: 608 dir: disk0/10/04/56/51 datestamp: 2018-03-23 10:56:22 lastmod: 2021-10-04 01:59:22 status_changed: 2018-03-23 10:56:22 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Cif, L creators_name: Hariz, M title: Seventy Years of Pallidotomy for Movement Disorders ispublished: pub divisions: UCL divisions: B02 divisions: C07 divisions: D07 divisions: F85 keywords: Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences & Neurology, globus pallidus, pallidum, pallidotomy, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, deep brain stimulation, DEEP-BRAIN-STIMULATION, SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS STIMULATION, PRIMARY GENERALIZED DYSTONIA, GLOBUS-PALLIDUS INTERNUS, LEKSELLS POSTEROVENTRAL PALLIDOTOMY, BASAL-GANGLIA, PARKINSONS-DISEASE, FOLLOW-UP, FUNCTIONAL-ANATOMY, TOURETTE-SYNDROME note: © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. abstract: The year 2017 marks the 70th anniversary of the birth of human stereotactic neurosurgery. The first procedure was a pallidotomy for Huntington's disease. However, it was for Parkinson's disease that pallidotomy was soon adopted worldwide. Pallidotomy was abandoned in the late 1950s in favor of thalamotomy because of the latter's more striking effect on tremor. The advent of levodopa put a halt to all surgery for PD. In the mid‐1980s, Laitinen reintroduced the posteroventral pallidotomy of Leksell, and this procedure spread worldwide thanks to its efficacy on most parkinsonian symptoms including levodopa‐induced dyskinesias and thanks to basic scientific work confirming the role of the globus pallidus internus in the pathophysiology of PD. With the advent of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, pallidotomy was again abandoned, and even DBS of the GPi has been overshadowed by STN DBS. The GPi reemerged in the late 1990s as a major stereotactic target for DBS in dystonia and, recently, in Tourette syndrome. Lately, lesioning of the GPI is being proposed to treat refractory status dystonicus or to treat DBS withdrawal syndrome in PD patients. Hence, the pallidum as a stereotactic target for either lesioning or DBS has been the phoenix of functional stereotactic neurosurgery, constantly abandoned and then rising again from its ashes. This review is a tribute to the pallidum on its 70th anniversary as a surgical target for movement disorders, analyzing its ebbs and flows and highlighting its merits, its versatility, and its resilience. date: 2017-07-10 date_type: published publisher: WILEY official_url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.27054 full_text_type: other language: eng article_type_text: Editorial Material verified: verified_manual elements_id: 1298555 doi: 10.1002/mds.27054 lyricists_name: Hariz, Marwan lyricists_id: MIHAR20 actors_name: Dewerpe, Marie actors_id: MDDEW97 actors_role: owner full_text_status: restricted publication: Movement Disorders volume: 32 number: 7 pagerange: 972-982 pages: 11 issn: 1531-8257 citation: Cif, L; Hariz, M; (2017) Seventy Years of Pallidotomy for Movement Disorders. Movement Disorders , 32 (7) pp. 972-982. 10.1002/mds.27054 <https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27054>. document_url: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10045651/1/Hariz_a70%20years%20MDJ%20accepted.pdf