%J Neuron %K Parvalbumin interneurons, inhibitory circuitries, perineuronal netssynapse maturation, AMPA receptors, Kv channels, learning and memory, plasticity, activity-dependent %L discovery10044837 %I CELL PRESS %O This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions. %X Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is a fundamental mechanism through which the nervous system adapts to sensory experience. Several lines of evidence suggest that parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons are essential in this process, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of experience on interneuron plasticity remain poorly understood. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) enwrapping PV+ cells are long-standing candidates for playing such a role, yet their precise contribution has remained elusive. We show that the PNN protein Brevican is a critical regulator of interneuron plasticity. We find that Brevican simultaneously controls cellular and synaptic forms of plasticity in PV+ cells by regulating the localization of potassium channels and AMPA receptors, respectively. By modulating Brevican levels, experience introduces precise molecular and cellular modifications in PV+ cells that are required for learning and memory. These findings uncover a molecular program through which a PNN protein facilitates appropriate behavioral responses to experience by dynamically gating PV+ interneuron function. %N 3 %T Activity-Dependent Gating of Parvalbumin Interneuron Function by the Perineuronal Net Protein Brevican %A E Favuzzi %A A Marques-Smith %A R Deogracias %A CM Winterflood %A A Sanchez-Aguilera %A L Mantoan %A P Maeso %A C Fernandes %A H Ewers %A B Rico %V 95 %D 2017 %P 639-655