TY - JOUR IS - 3 N1 - © 2018 American Neurological Association. This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher?s terms and conditions. TI - Rivaroxaban plasma levels in acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage AV - public VL - 83 SP - 451 Y1 - 2018/03// EP - 459 JF - Annals of Neurology A1 - Seiffge, DJ A1 - Kägi, G A1 - Michel, P A1 - Fischer, U A1 - Béjot, Y A1 - Wegener, S A1 - Zedde, M A1 - Turc, G A1 - Cordonnier, C A1 - Sandor, PS A1 - Rodier, G A1 - Zini, A A1 - Cappellari, M A1 - Schädelin, S A1 - Polymeris, AA A1 - Werring, D A1 - Thilemann, S A1 - Maestrini, I A1 - Berge, E A1 - Traenka, C A1 - Vehoff, J A1 - De Marchis, GM A1 - Kapauer, M A1 - Peters, N A1 - Sirimarco, G A1 - Bonati, LH A1 - Arnold, M A1 - Lyrer, PA A1 - De Maistre, E A1 - Luft, A A1 - Tsakiris, DA A1 - Engelter, ST A1 - NOACISP study group, . N2 - OBJECTIVE: Information about Rivaroxaban plasma levels (RivLev) may guide treatment decisions in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) taking rivaroxaban. METHODS: In a multicenter registry-based study (Novel-Oral-Anticoagulants-In-Stroke-Patients collaboration;NOACISP;ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02353585) of patients with stroke while taking rivaroxaban, we compared RivLev in patients with AIS and ICH. We determined how many AIS-patients had RivLev?100ng/ml, indicating possible eligibility for thrombolysis and how many ICH-patients had RivLev?75ng/ml, possibly eligible for the use of specific reversal agents. We explored factors associated with RivLev (Spearman correlation; regression models) and studied the sensitivity and specificity of INR-thresholds to substitute RivLevs using cross tables and ROC curves. RESULTS: Among 241 patients (median age 80 years[IQR73-84], median time-from-onset-to-admission 2 hours[IQR1-4.5hours], median RivLev 89ng/ml[31-194]), 190 had AIS and 51 had ICH. RivLev were similar in AIS-patients (82ng/ml[IQR30-202] and ICH-patients (102ng/ml[IQR 51-165]; p=0.24). Trough RivLev(?137ng/ml) occurred in 126/190 (66.3%) AIS- and 34/51 (66.7%) ICH-patients. Among AIS-patients, 108/190 (56.8%) had RivLev?100ng/ml. In ICH-patients 33/51(64.7%) had RivLev?75ng/ml. RivLev were associated with rivaroxaban dosage, inversely with renal function and time-since-last-intake (each p<.05). INR?1.0 had a specificity of 98.9% and a sensitivity of 25.7% to predict RivLev?100ng/ml. INR?1.4 had a sensitivity of 59.3% and specificity of 90.1% to predict RivLev?75ng/ml. INTERPRETATION: RivLev did not differ between patients with AIS and ICH. Half of the patients with AIS under Rivaroxaban had RivLev low enough to consider thrombolysis. In ICH-patients, 2/3 had RivLev high enough to meet the eligibility for the use of a specific reversal agent. INR-thresholds perform poor to inform treatment decisions in individual patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. ID - discovery10043575 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25165 SN - 1531-8249 ER -