%X The emerging understanding of molecular changes in a wide range of brain tumours has led to a significant shift in how these tumours are diagnosed, managed and treated. This article will provide a hands-on overview of the relevant biomarkers and their association with newly defined biological tumour entities. %O © The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. %J J Neurol %A S Brandner %A Z Jaunmuktane %L discovery10035305 %K ATRX, Astrocytoma, BRAF, BRAF inhibitor, EGFR, Ependymoma, Glioblastoma, Histone, IDH, MGMT, Mutation, Oligodendroglioma, TERT, Temozolomide, Tumour heterogeneity %T Neurological update: gliomas and other primary brain tumours in adults. %C Germany %D 2017