Odds ratio (95% CI)Odds ratio (95% CI)Odds ratio (95% CI)Odds ratio (95% CI)p-value†
MeasuresModel 1b Model 2c Model 3d Model 4
Gender0.80 (0.68, 0.95)**0.83 (0.68, 1.01)0.88 (0.72, 1.07)0.83 (0.67, 1.03)0.074
Parental social class 0.91 (0.85, 0.98)**0.95 (0.88, 1.03)0.96 (0.88, 1.04)0.96 (0.88, 1.04)0.306
Poor hand control 0.93 (0.77, 1.13)0.94 (0.75, 1.19)0.96 (0.76, 1.22)0.97 (0.76, 1.23)0.742
Poor co-ordination 0.80 (0.62, 1.04)0.74 (0.54, .1.02)0.77 (0.56, 1.07)0.77 (0.55, 1.07)0.116
Overall clumsiness1.88 (1.49, 2.38)***1.61 (1.21, 2.15)***1.58 (1.17, 2.15)**1.60 (1.18, 2.18)**0.002
Educational qualifications 0.84 (0.79, 0.90)***0.86 (0.79, 0.93)***0.88 (0.81, 0.96)**0.87 (0.80, 0.95)**0.002
Own social class 1.00 (0.93, 1.08)1.02 (0.93, 1.12)1.02 (0.93, 1.12)1.02 (0.93, 1.12)0.699
Extraversion1.16 (1.06, 1.26)***1.14 (1.04, 1.26)**1.15 (1.04, 1.27)**1.15 (1.04, 1.27)**0.006
Conscientiousness0.87 (0.80, 0.95)***0.84 (0.76, 0.93)***0.83 (0.75, 0.92)***0.83 (0.75, 0.91)***0.000
Psychological distress 1.45 (1.13, 1.86)**1.33 (0.99, 1.80)*1.33 (0.97, 1.81)*1.35 (0.99, 1.84)*0.043
Physical exercise 0.86 (0.81, 0.91)***0.85 (0.79, 0.91)***0.84 (0.78, 0.90)***0.83 (0.77, 0.89)***0.000

Table 3. Odds ratios (95% CI) for obesity at age 50, according to parental social class, childhood neurological function, educational qualifications, occupational levels, traits extraversion and conscientiousness, psychological distress, and physical exercise.

Note: *p<.05; **p<.01;***p<.001. b Adjusted for birth weight and gestation, childhood BMI, maternal and paternal BMI, and teachers’ assessment of children’s behavioural adjustment; c Adjusted for all factors in model 2 and childhood intelligence; d Adjusted for all factors in model 3 and diet. † P-values of model 4 after adjusting for birth weight and gestation, childhood BMI, behavioural adjustment, and intelligence, maternal and paternal BMI, and diet.
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