1. What materials have you or your colleagues / institution used for gap-filling wooden objects in the past year? [If any],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Showing 69 text responses,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Open text question. Answers typed by respondents are shown in column A. Subsequent columns individually identify materials mentioned in the text response,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Materials are sorted by most mentioned,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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,microballoons,acrylic resin eg B72,paper pulp,paper tissue,wood,Klucel,wood flour,wax,epoxy,animal glue,PVA,commercial product,chalk,fumed silica,Lascaux 498HV,plastazote,epoxy putty,flügger,plaster,coconut shell flour,PVA emulsion,cotton fibre,talc,Methyl cellulose,cellulose ether,PVA putty,cork,PVAc emulsion,linseed oil,paper mache,mowilith
Total number of mentions,38,30,17,16,15,13,13,13,11,10,8,8,7,6,6,4,3,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1
% of responses to Q1 that mention the material,55%,43%,25%,23%,22%,19%,19%,19%,16%,14%,12%,12%,10%,9%,9%,6%,4%,3%,3%,3%,3%,3%,1%,1%,1%,1%,1%,1%,1%,1%,1%
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Klucel B72 paper pulp microballoons tissue,1,,1,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Japanese tissue paper,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Wood flour with chemical adhesives,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"epoxy paste, japanese tissue paper,balsa wood",,,,1,1,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Japanese tissue/Klucel G B72/microballoons/talc/fumed silica/chalk,1,1,,1,,1,,,,,,,1,1,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,
"long-fibre tissue impregnated with Klucel G in IMS, skimmed with Flugger.",,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Klucel G and fumed silica Klucel G and Microballoons Klucel G and Long fibre paper,1,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"The answers here are for non-structural purposes only Wax animal glue with any type of filler..i.e. sawdust, microbollons etc",1,,,,,,1,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Japanese tissue, microballoons and PVA, microballoons and Paraloid-B72",1,1,,1,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Paraloid B72- microballons,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
I haven't worked on wooden objects in the last year,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose + glass microballoons + cellulose powder (Egyptian coffins) Methylcellulose + paper pulp + glass microballoons (Egyptian coffins) Paraloid B-72 + glass microballoons (NW Coast totem pole) Paraloid B-72 + pigments (African drum) (...),1,1,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,
Paraloid B72 (acrylic copolymer) in acetone or acetone /IMS mix with wood flour - Paraloid B72 in acetone or acetone/IMS mix with glass microballoons - as above but with fumed silica and/or power pigments added,1,1,,,,,1,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"We prepare a paste with cellulose ether, paper pulp and different wood sawdust.",,,1,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,
"Paraloid B72 with micro-balloons and Lascaux 498HV with a mixture of paper pulp and micro-balloons, at a ratio of roughly 1:1.",1,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Glass microballoons and 20% Paraloid B72 in acetone/IMS for small gaps Paper pulp and 2% Klucel G in distilled water: IMS for small gaps Lascaux 498HV at approximately 75% with micro-balloons and paper pulp, at a ratio of 1:1 for bigger gaps",1,1,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Modostuc (PVA putty) Japanese tissue with Klucel,,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,
Wax microballoons cork balsa cellulose fibres acrylic resins Paraloid MC,1,1,1,,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,
"Lascaux 498HV at approximately 75% with micro-balloons and paper pulp, at a ratio of 1:1. ",1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Commercially available light-weight fillers (based on microballoons).,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Commercial wood fillers waxes Animal glue cellulose fibres sawdust,,,1,,,,1,1,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Polyfill Mix of calcium carbonate powder/rabbit skin glue/water,,,,,,,,,,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Synthetic fillers, protein glues mixed with synthetic bulking agents such as phenolic microballoons, protein glue mixed with various size sawdust and or fibres.",1,,1,,,,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Japanese tissue paper coated with 5% Klucel G in ethanol,,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Polyfilla (with a barrier layer of Paraloid B72) Glass microballoons or fumed silica with Paraloid B72 Milliput epoxy putty (with a barrier layer of Paraloid B72) Ethafoam and Plastazote polythene foams,1,1,,,,,,,,,,1,,1,,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
For gap-filling we understand small areas. We use normally Japanese paper (reduced to fibres) and Klucel G (2-5 % in alcohol ). It is easy to prepare and work with it; it has good elasticity to adapt to the natural movements of wood. It is also retreatable.,,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Fillers - Japanese Tissue, Microballons, Balsa Wood Adhesives - Paraloid B72, Klucel G",1,1,,1,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Wood, plaster-based fillers, synthetic resin bulked with microballoons (synthetic or glass), synthetic resin bulked with japanese paper fiber, synthetic resin bulked with fibrous cellulose, carvable epoxy.",1,1,1,1,1,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
"phenolic microballoons, Glass microballoons, A mixture of fillers (e.g. microballoons and paper pulp)",1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"putties made by fixing up some of the following: paper pulp Glass microballoons Saw dust Hydroxproply Cellulose Mylcellulose Paraloid B72 Most frequently, for gap filling wooden Egyptian coffins, I use a putty made from mixing microballoons, paper pulp and hydroxypropl Cellulose. For large structural fills, I use balsa wood.",1,1,1,,1,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"For reconstructions of small losses in shape of an otherwise sound wooden (walnut) relic crucifix, I used inlays of walnut wood, which structur and colour resemle the original surface and can be carved befor glued in place with animal glue (hide glue).",,,,,1,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Araldite 1252 -- 2-part bulked (carveable brown) epoxy. Used only with an animal glue barier set down first. If the gap is excessively large I might insert a compatible wood fill using the above technique to fill any gaps (rather than try to make an invisible fill).,,,,,1,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Hard, suitably-coloured waxes for very small crack fills - either rubbed over the surface of the crack until it fills (if very narrow) or melted and poured in A flexible adhesive mixed to a putty-like consistency with fine sawdust from the appropriate wood",,,,,,,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Commercial wood fillers, epoxy resins mixed with microballons",1,,,,,,,,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"most used, for most ""objects,"" especially archaeological,""folk art""and other objects that are not actually used - colored wax mixtures, mixed for hardness and gloss.with different waxes and different types of coloring material, occasionally ordinary dry pigments (Kremer), more often super finely ground dry pigments (Mohawk Finishing Products) or Orasol dyes. depending on transparency and gloss. often, for furniture - epoxy resin, but only if its bulked heavily for softness and carvability, i.e. Aralidite 1251, and only over a generous barrier coat such as hide glue.especially if the fill is also somewhat structural. recently used gypsum plaster but that was an unusual case for a religious polychrome sculpture previously repaired with plaster. the extra strength was necessary because the saint is still in use and regularly carried in procession. calcium carbonate bound with B-72. excellent for reversible gesso fills and grounds. use coarse for gesso and precipitated calcium carbonate where extra smoothness and gloss are required. also layers of fill material - calcium carbonate bound with B-72, followed by red clay, then carnauba. difficult to use, but excellent for matching urushi and still being reversible. and of course many fills will need to be coated to match the gloss or the matteness of the surrounding area, especially with furniture,any urushi object or old paint that i very matte. so numerous solubilities must be considered. high quality airbrush with frisket paper is best, or very fine brushes. numerous thin coats with just a little color in a finish that doesn't dissolve or soften the fill while also being reversible with regard to the original surrounding finish. occasionally - old school shellac stick (which of course is no longer actually shellac, Mohawk Finishing Products). sometimes still perfect for furniture and holds up much better for use, especially since most good furniture in use is regularly waxed. and more easily reversible than you would think too.",,1,,,,,,1,1,,,,1,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
"I use a range of materials depending what kind of fillings and what properties (structural/ aesthetic/ both structural and aesthetic) are expected. Working mainly on furniture, I usually use the following materials (as mentionned above depending of the context) - Wood (balsa or depending of the species, similar type of wood) Epoxy resin mixed with phenolic microballons, retailed in France under the Name Outilbois HV427 - Mix of PVAC Emulsion with wood sawdust (preferably pine or other low density wood) - Acrylic emulsion gel (incorporating bulking agent) - Acrylic resin B72 + bulking agent - Animal glue+ bulking agent - a mixture of hard waxes",1,1,,,1,,1,1,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,
Beeswax pigmented with powder pigment,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Paraloid B-72 + microballoons 2-part Epoxy polyethylene foam (eg volara),1,1,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Japanese tissue and pva, paper pulp in sheets, glassmicroballoons in Paraloid B72, Golden gel (hard), gesso mixed with PVA (Rhoplex WS24) with .5 % linseed oil, Paraloid with fumed silica, sawdust in acrylic resin",1,1,1,1,,,1,,,,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,
"removable fills: 2-part epoxy bulked with microballoons (with a barrier, not directly on the wood); Paraloid B72 bulked with microballons; removable ethafoam fills surfaced with bulked B72 or bulked epoxy",1,1,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DAP vinyl spackling compound Gesso putty M4-Bond bulked with cellulose powder Cod fish glue bulked with cellulose powder WoodEpox (carve-able epoxy putty),,,1,,,,,,,1,,1,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"A long time ago I used Styrofoam cut/sanded into the right shape for the gap, the piece was then glued into place, coated with japanese tissue paper and finally painted (wood-looking) with acrylic paint. It made a light weigth and wood-looking gap-fill but was probably not long-term stable.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Balsa wood, pine,",,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
B-72 and glass microballoons,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Beckers latex spackle with small amount of Rhoplex ML200 added for flexibility,,,,,,,,,,,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Glass microballoons and acrylic resins - where a structural fill is required Paper mache / balsa wood / plastazote for non structural gap fills.,1,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,
"Fluggar, poly-filler, wax fills all on panel paintings",,,,,,,,1,,,,1,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Japanese tissue for cosmetic ""fills"" to disguise voids",,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Coconut shell flour/microballoon/PVA(or B72) mixture Araldite 1253 Carvable epoxy,1,1,,,,,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,
"Paraloid B72 w. cellulose powder, B67 w. cellulose powder, Polyvinyl alcohol w. calcium carbonate",,1,1,,,,,,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"microballoons in acrylic resin, wood flour in PVA",1,1,,,,,1,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
wax,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"wood-sticks, wood-fibres in acrylic adhesive mixture",,1,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Normally use slivers of wood or wood veneer rather than artificial fillers. These are glued in place with PVA, or occasionally impact adhesive, then pared, carved, to shape. Very occasionally I use real bee's wax, coloured with wood dye if necessary. Note that I work on wooden furniture and wooden artifacts.",,,,,1,,,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Micro balloons, wax, mowilith",1,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1
Paraloid B72 + microballoons.,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"wood; wax; workshop-made filler (fish glue, whiting, microballoons); epoxy resin and cotton microfibres",1,,,,1,,,1,1,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,
Balsa wood Pine wood Microballoons in B72 Polyester resin (in plases where it does not restrict the natural movement of wood),1,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
B72 and microballoons,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1:1 mixture of glass microballoons with either Vinamul 3254 or 3252 2 pack epoxy resin,1,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,
Hydroxy propyl cellulose / japanese tissue Paraloid B72 / glass microballoons,1,1,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"PVA + wood flour and sawdust, Rayon, balsa, waxes",,,,,1,,1,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
animal glue mixed with chalk and gypsum Plextol B500 and Microballoons,1,,,,,,,,,1,,,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
chalk+gypsum+isinglass (1:1 - 7%),,,,,,,,,,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Japanese tissue Microballoons Cellulose powder For small non structural fills I would try to use Klucel G as adhesive, mixed with shredded Japanese tissue. For a smooth surface finish on visible areas I have used Japanese tissue sheet adhered to the surface of the fill and then toned in with acrylics or water colours. Paraloid B72 used as an adhesive on larger or fills requiring structural support. Microballoons in Paraloid B72 15-20% in acetone injected into extremely honeycombed frassified (termite damaged) and weak wood.",1,1,1,1,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
My favorites include paper pulp bound in an appropriate resin to give the necessary combination of properties. I have also used phenolic microballoons and ground walnut shells.,1,1,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,
Plextol B500 mixed with cotton fibre Rhoplex AC33 mixed with cotton fibre,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,1,1,,,,,,,,,
plextol D498 mixed glass bubbles.,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Abatron 2-part epoxy putty; Polyfilla; B-72 with fumed silica,,1,,,,,,,,,,1,,1,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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"No, of responses",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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