Dzieciol, AM; Bachevalier, J; Saleem, KS; Gadian, DG; Saunders, R; Chong, WK; Banks, T; ... Vargha-Khadem, F; + view all Dzieciol, AM; Bachevalier, J; Saleem, KS; Gadian, DG; Saunders, R; Chong, WK; Banks, T; Mishkin, M; Vargha-Khadem, F; - view fewer (2017) Hippocampal and diencephalic pathology in developmental amnesia. Cortex , 86 pp. 33-44. 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.09.016.

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Abstract

Developmental amnesia (DA) is a selective episodic memory disorder associated with hypoxia-induced bilateral hippocampal atrophy of early onset. Despite the systemic impact of hypoxia-ischaemia, the resulting brain damage was previously reported to be largely limited to the hippocampus. However, the thalamus and the mammillary bodies are parts of the hippocampal-diencephalic network and are therefore also at risk of injury following hypoxic-ischaemic events. Here, we report a neuroimaging investigation of diencephalic damage in a group of 18 patients with DA (age range 11-35 years), and an equal number of controls. Importantly, we uncovered a marked degree of atrophy in the mammillary bodies in two thirds of our patients. In addition, as a group, patients had mildly reduced thalamic volumes. The size of the anterior-mid thalamic (AMT) segment was correlated with patients' visual memory performance. Thus, in addition to the hippocampus, the diencephalic structures also appear to play a role in the patients' memory deficit.

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