Saghieh, MS; (1975) Byblos in the Third Millennium: A Reconstruction of the Stratigraphy and a Study of the Cultural Connections. Doctoral thesis , University of London.

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Abstract

The first part of this thesis consists of a detailed analysis of more than sixty reconstructed architectural sections taken through different parts of the city. The results of this analysis yielded a sequence of archaeological periods KI to KIV, JI to JII covering the whole of the third mill. BC. Period L which represents the first occupational levels encountered in the sections, falls outside the scope of this study because it antedates the third mill. which is the subject of this dissertation. Periods KI to KIV form a series of homogeneous cultures which develop along similar lines. At the end of period KIV, a destruction befell the city and a new vigorous culture represented by two architectural stages JI/JII appears. The end of these periods coincided with a destruction which ushered in the beginning of a new era represented by periods H which cover the 1st half of the 2nd mill. BC. The second part of the thesis is a study of the cultural links of Byblos during periods KI to KIV and JI/JII. Period KI is securely tied to the reigns of Djet/Den of the 1st Egyptian Dyn. and to the latter part of EBI Palestine. Egyptian influence is paramount during periods KIII/KIV which are contemporary to the IIIrd,, IVth, Vth and VIth Egyptian Dynasties and to EBIII Palestine. Subsequent to the destruction of KIV, Byblos JI/JII representing the last two centures of the 3rd mill. BC., was under the cultural impact of the north. The main aspects of the new culture are the megaron style temples and the painted pottery. Signs of destruction and great disturbances appear all over the site at the end of Byblos JII. It is the beginning of periods H which introduced the worship in hypaethral temples accompanied by rich votive gifts. These periods fall outside the scope of this study because they post date the 3rd mill. BC.

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