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Computational Nosology and Precision Psychiatry

Friston, KJ; Redish, AD; Gordon, JA; (2017) Computational Nosology and Precision Psychiatry. Computational Psychiatry , 1 pp. 2-23. 10.1162/CPSY_a_00001. Green open access

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Abstract

This article provides an illustrative treatment of psychiatric morbidity that offers an alternative to the standard nosological model in psychiatry. It considers what would happen if we treated diagnostic categories not as causes of signs and symptoms, but as diagnostic consequences of psychopathology and pathophysiology. This reformulation (of the standard nosological model) opens the door to a more natural description of how patients present—and of their likely responses to therapeutic interventions. In brief, we describe a model that generates symptoms, signs, and diagnostic outcomes from latent psychopathological states. In turn, psychopathology is caused by pathophysiological processes that are perturbed by (etiological) causes such as predisposing factors, life events, and therapeutic interventions. The key advantages of this nosological formulation include (i) the formal integration of diagnostic (e.g., DSM) categories and latent psychopathological constructs (e.g., the dimensions of the Research Domain Criteria); (ii) the provision of a hypothesis or model space that accommodates formal, evidence-based hypothesis testing (using Bayesian model comparison); and (iii) the ability to predict therapeutic responses (using a posterior predictive density), as in precision medicine. These and other advantages are largely promissory at present: The purpose of this article is to show what might be possible, through the use of idealized simulations.

Type: Article
Title: Computational Nosology and Precision Psychiatry
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1162/CPSY_a_00001
Publisher version: http://doi.org/10.1162/CPSY_a_00001
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright: © 2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license
Keywords: Nosology, psychiatry, psychopathology, pathophysiology, Bayesian, model selection, dynamics, therapy
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Imaging Neuroscience
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10037654
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