Woolf, K;
Potts, HWW;
McManus, IC;
(2011)
Ethnicity and academic performance in UK trained doctors and medical students: systematic review and meta-analysis.
BRIT MED J
, 342
, Article d901. 10.1136/bmj.d901.
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Abstract
Objective To determine whether the ethnicity of UK trained doctors and medical students is related to their academic performance.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Online databases PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC; Google and Google Scholar; personal knowledge; backwards and forwards citations; specific searches of medical education journals and medical education conference abstracts.Study selection The included quantitative reports measured the performance of medical students or UK trained doctors from different ethnic groups in undergraduate or postgraduate assessments. Exclusions were non-UK assessments, only non-UK trained candidates, only self reported assessment data, only dropouts or another non-academic variable, obvious sampling bias, or insufficient details of ethnicity or outcomes.Results 23 reports comparing the academic performance of medical students and doctors from different ethnic groups were included. Meta-analyses of effects from 22 reports (n=23 742) indicated candidates of "non-white" ethnicity underperformed compared with white candidates (Cohen's d=-0.42, 95% confidence interval -0.50 to -0.34; P<0.001). Effects in the same direction and of similar magnitude were found in meta-analyses of undergraduate assessments only, postgraduate assessments only, machine marked written assessments only, practical clinical assessments only, assessments with pass/fail outcomes only, assessments with continuous outcomes only, and in a meta-analysis of white v Asian candidates only. Heterogeneity was present in all meta-analyses.Conclusion Ethnic differences in academic performance are widespread across different medical schools, different types of exam, and in undergraduates and postgraduates. They have persisted for many years and cannot be dismissed as atypical or local problems. We need to recognise this as an issue that probably affects all of UK medical and higher education. More detailed information to track the problem as well as further research into its causes is required. Such actions are necessary to ensure a fair and just method of training and of assessing current and future doctors.
Type: | Article |
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Title: | Ethnicity and academic performance in UK trained doctors and medical students: systematic review and meta-analysis |
Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
DOI: | 10.1136/bmj.d901 |
Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d901 |
Additional information: | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode. |
Keywords: | NOTTINGHAM-UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL, SUCCESS, COHORT, MINORITIES, PREDICTORS, APPLICANTS, AUDIT, RATIO, MRCGP |
UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Medical Sciences > UCL Medical School UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Health Informatics UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Population Health Sciences > Institute of Health Informatics > CHIME |
URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/593389 |
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