Barrett, M; (1996) Environmental charges for controlling greenhouse gas emissions from civil aviation. UCL (University College London), WWF International: Switzerland.

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Abstract

This discussion paper reports research into the possibility of using environmental charges or taxes as a policy measure for controlling the environmental impacts of aviation. The aim of the research is to develop ideas and promote discussion of this topic. The complexity of the aviation system and the uncertainties involved are such that it will require much more work before definitive results, and recommendations following from those results, can be produced: this at least is the opinion of the author.The contents of the paper are as follows.First an introduction and brief summary of the environmental impacts of aviation to be controlled is given. Following this is an outline of the possible items to which charges might be applied, and the possible points of application of charges.The next sections describe some of the possible ways in which consumers and providers of aviation services might respond to changes in aviation costs brought about by charges.An Aviation Analysis model (AviAn) has been developed to simulate the behaviour of providers and consumers, and to calculate the resultant economics and pollution emissions. This model was used to explore global aviation scenarios in which different levels of fuel charge and operator response are assumed.It was found that fuel charges could play an important role in reducing the emissions and consequent environmental impacts of aviation. Fuel use and related emissions might be reduced by between 3% and 20% by fuel charges. This wide range of possibility reflects the different charges explored and the many uncertainties involved.The last section contains a concluding discussion and some suggestions for further work.There an appendix that briefly discusses the requirements for international frameworks for applying charges and allocating fuel use and emissions.

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