UCL Discovery

Abstract

Transport policy is being rethought, with new objectives and methods. One problem is that the specific transport initiatives intended to bring about these changes sometimes have different effects, perhaps even counter-productive ones, typically because individuals' responses are complex and interact with each other. Case studies examine experience in Luneburg, Oxford, Sheffield, Trondheim, York and elsewhere, with particular emphasis on pedestrianisation, traffic restraint, park-and-ride, light rail investment, road building, and road pricing. Examples of counter-intentional results are found in some but not all of these cases. A recurrent feature is that the unintended effects seem most prevalent when too much reliance is placed on one particular transport policy instrument rather than a whole package of measures that can reinforce each other