Sherif, AMA; (2017) The Development of a Novel Method to Assess the Adhesive Interaction of Adult Stem Cells with Biomaterial Substrates Using AFM. Doctoral thesis , UCL (University College London).

Abstract

Cellular adhesion is the crucial first step between stem cells and endosseous implant surfaces during osseointegration process. The study investigates the development of single cell force spectroscopy to assess the adhesive properties between implant material surfaces (Titanium based) and human cells to reveal the role of surface features such as roughness and hydrophobicity on implant integration. Implant surfaces topographies and chemistries can influence cellular spreading and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). This study examines the adhesive interactions between human bone marrow derived MSCs and micro-rough Titanium (Ti) surfaces and endosseous biomaterials in vitro. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to operate using single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) technique to measure the interaction forces between a single MSC and Ti surfaces. For this purpose, a protocol was developed after trial and error, in which a cell was immobilised on a glass bead attached to the end of an AFM cantilever. The functionalised cantilever can be monitored through the AFM computer controls to lower and raise the AFM cantilever for the desired duration of contact time and applied force amount needed to obtain a 'force curve'. This detachment method was initially tested and validated on glass coverslips and later applied to modified Ti surfaces of varying topographies and different intra-synovial tissues. The cell adhesion measurements are comparing force curves from the absence and presence of cells on the bead-cantilever complex. Cell adhesion results show differences in adhesive strength of MSCs to Ti surfaces with SLA 44.94±2.68nN and SLActive 50.19±3.26nN, which have significantly higher cell detachment forces than machined smooth Ti SMO 33.58±3.46nN, controllers TCP 18.49±1.34nN and glass 15.35±1.36nN surfaces. Cells forces on tissues were I-SDFT 22.66±1.30nN, SDFT 17.23±1.63nN, I-DDFT 23.65±3.67nN, DDFT 11.86±1.69nN, Synovial 31.32±2.47nN and Bone 39.34±4.8nN.

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