Knoops, PGM;
Beaumont, CAA;
Borghi, A;
Rodriguez Florez, N;
Breakey, RWF;
Rodgers, W;
Angullia, F;
... Dunaway, DJ; + view all
(2017)
Comparison of 3D Scanner Systems for Craniomaxillofacial Imaging.
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
10.1016/j.bjps.2016.12.015.
(In press).
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Abstract
Two-dimensional photographs are the standard for assessing craniofacial surgery clinical outcomes despite lacking three-dimensional (3D) depth and shape. Therefore, 3D-scanners have been gaining popularity in various fields of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including craniomaxillofacial surgery. Head shapes of eight adult volunteers were acquired with four 3D scanners: 1.5T Avanto MRI, Siemens; 3dMDface System, 3dMD Inc.; M4D Scan, Rodin4D; and Structure Sensor, Occipital Inc. Accuracy was evaluated as percentage of data within a range of 2 mm from the 3DMDface System reconstruction, by surface-to-surface root mean square distances (RMS), and with facial distance maps. Precision was determined with RMS. Relative to the 3dMDface System, accuracy was highest for M4D Scan (90% within 2 mm; RMS of 0.71 mm ± 0.28 mm), then Avanto MRI (86%; 1.11 mm ± 0.33 mm), and Structure Sensor (80%; 1.33 mm ± 0.46). M4D Scan and Structure Sensor precision were 0.50 mm ± 0.04 mm and 0.51 mm ± 0.03 mm. Clinical and technical requirements govern scanner choice, however, 3dMDface System and M4D Scan provide high-quality results. It is foreseeable that compact, hand-held systems become more popular in the near future.
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