Van Bressem, M-F;
Duignan, PJ;
Banyard, A;
Barbieri, M;
Colegrove, KM;
De Guise, S;
Di Guardo, G;
... Wellehan, JFX; + view all
(2014)
Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.
Viruses
, 6
(12)
pp. 5145-5181.
10.3390/v6125145.
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Abstract
We review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USA and Australia. It represents a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus. Although most CeMV strains are phylogenetically closely related, recent data indicate that morbilliviruses recovered from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), from Western Australia, and a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), from Brazil, are divergent. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) cell receptor for CeMV has been characterized in cetaceans. It shares higher amino acid identity with the ruminant SLAM than with the receptors of carnivores or humans, reflecting the evolutionary history of these mammalian taxa. In Delphinidae, three amino acid substitutions may result in a higher affinity for the virus. Infection is diagnosed by histology, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serology. Classical CeMV-associated lesions include bronchointerstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, syncytia, and lymphoid depletion associated with immunosuppression. Cetaceans that survive the acute disease may develop fatal secondary infections and chronic encephalitis. Endemically infected, gregarious odontocetes probably serve as reservoirs and vectors. Transmission likely occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized virus but mother to fetus transmission was also reported.
| Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Title: | Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| Open access status: | An open access version is available from UCL Discovery |
| DOI: | 10.3390/v6125145 |
| Publisher version: | http://doi.org/10.3390/v6125145 |
| Language: | English |
| Additional information: | © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Virology, cetacean morbillivirus, epidemics, mass stranding, SLAM, phylogeny, pathogenesis, diagnosis, endemic infections, DOLPHINS STENELLA-COERULEOALBA, CANINE-DISTEMPER-VIRUS, BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS, PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA, GULF-OF-MEXICO, SUBACUTE SCLEROSING-PANENCEPHALITIS, POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION, PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS, MEASLES-VIRUS, STRIPED DOLPHINS |
| UCL classification: | UCL UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences > Div of Biosciences |
| URI: | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1503877 |
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