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Novel MRI and PET markers of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis

Hagens, M; van Berckel, B; Barkhof, F; (2016) Novel MRI and PET markers of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. Current Opinion in Neurology , 29 (3) pp. 229-236. 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000326. Green open access

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Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gadolinium-enhancement depicts blood-brain barrier disruption associated with new inflammatory MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is widely used for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, earlier and more specific markers of inflammation are urgently needed. RECENT FINDINGS: Susceptibility-weighted images demonstrate the importance of the central vein in the formation of MS lesions. Perfusion weighted imaging techniques can show focal and diffuse low-grade inflammatory changes not visible on conventional MRI. Leptomeningeal enhancement could be part of the aetiology of subpial cortical MS lesions. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide can identify neuroinflammatory changes in addition to gadolinium enhancement and as such identify different types and phases of MS lesions. 18kD-translocator protein PET tracers identify activated microglia and an increase in TSPO uptake in both MS lesions and normal appearing brain tissue is related to disease severity and progression. A range of novel tracers for microglia activation is under development as well as radioligands that can label therapeutic drugs. SUMMARY: Novel MRI and PET techniques improve in-vivo visualization and quantification of the pleomorphic aspects of neuroinflammation, providing us with a unique insight in its pathogenesis, clinical relevance, and therapy responsiveness in MS.

Type: Article
Title: Novel MRI and PET markers of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis
Location: England
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000326
Publisher version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000326
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: 18kD-translocator protein, MRI, multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation, PET
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Brain Repair and Rehabilitation
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1485216
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