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Active pixel sensors for breast biopsy analysis using x-ray diffraction.

Bohndiek, S.E.; (2008) Active pixel sensors for breast biopsy analysis using x-ray diffraction. Doctoral thesis , University of London. Green open access

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Abstract

Breast cancer diagnosis currently requires biopsy samples to be analysed by a histopathologist a time consuming, highly specialised process. X-ray diffraction is a quantitative technique that can distinguish between healthy and diseased breast biopsy samples using the change in proportions of fat and fibrous tissue that occurs when cancer invades. A semi-automated breast biopsy analysis system based on X-ray diffraction could yield a faster patient diagnosis. Recording X-ray diffraction patterns is a challenging task needing low noise, large area, and wide dynamic range detectors. Scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Active Pixel Sensors will soon be able to meet all of these demands in a single device. Characterization of two novel Active Pixel Sensors that advance towards an ideal X-ray diffraction detector is presented. 'Vanilla' exhibits a low read noise of 55e r.m.s. and high quantum efficiency of up to 70% so was selected for the design and implementation of the first 'Active Pixel X-ray Diffraction' (APXRD) system. Following on from Vanilla, the 'Large Area Sensor' (LAS) covered an area of over 29cm2 and had a wide dynamic range of over 95dB. The first linear systems model of an Active Pixel Flat Panel Imager (scintillator coupled APS) was formulated in the design of the APXRD system, to select filters to narrow the spectral width of the X-ray beam and predict the recorded scatter intensity. Following system implementation, scatter signatures were recorded for numerous breast tissue equivalent samples. A multivariate analysis model calibrated with these was able to predict the percentage fat content of an 'unknown' sample to within 3% a very promising result. The width of the filtered polychromatic X-ray spectrum had only a minor influence on the APXRD scatter signatures indicating that the system preserves all relevant structural information.

Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Title: Active pixel sensors for breast biopsy analysis using x-ray diffraction.
Identifier: PQ ETD:591414
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
Language: English
Additional information: Thesis digitised by ProQuest. Third party copyright material has been removed from the ethesis
UCL classification: UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Dept of Med Phys and Biomedical Eng
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1444112
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