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Chaste: A case study of parallelisation of an open source finite-element solver with applications to computational cardiac electrophysiology simulation

Bernabeu, MO; Southern, J; Wilson, N; Strazdins, P; Cooper, J; Pitt-Francis, J; (2014) Chaste: A case study of parallelisation of an open source finite-element solver with applications to computational cardiac electrophysiology simulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS , 28 (1) 13 - 32. 10.1177/1094342012474997. Green open access

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Abstract

The simulation of cardiac electrophysiology is a mature field in computational physiology. Recent advances in medical imaging, high-performance computing and numerical methods mean that computational models of electrical propagation in human heart tissue are ripe for use in patient-specific simulation for diagnosis, for prognosis and for selection of treatment methods. However, in order to move in this direction, it is necessary to make efficient use of modern petascale computing resources. This paper focuses on an existing open source simulation framework (Chaste) and documents work done to improve the parallel scaling on a small range of electrophysiology benchmark problems. These benchmarks involve the numerical solution of the monodomain or bidomain equations via the finite-element method. At the beginning of this study the electrophysiology libraries within Chaste were already enabled to run in parallel and were able to solve for electrical propagation using the monodomain or bidomain equations, but parallel efficiency dropped rapidly when run on more than about 64 processors. Throughout the course of the study, improvements were made to problem definition input; geometric mesh partitioning; finite-element assembly of large, sparse linear systems; problem-specific matrix preconditioning; numerical solution of the linear system; and output of the approximate solution. The consequence of these improvements is that, at the end of the study, Chaste is able to solve a monodomain benchmark problem in close to real time. While some of the improvements made to the parallel Chaste code are specific to cardiac electrophysiology, many of the techniques documented in this paper are generic to the parallel finite-element method in other scientific application areas.

Type: Article
Title: Chaste: A case study of parallelisation of an open source finite-element solver with applications to computational cardiac electrophysiology simulation
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1177/1094342012474997
Publisher version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342012474997
Additional information: © The Author(s) 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm).
Keywords: Cardiac electrophysiology, bidomain equations, finite-element method, parallelisation, scaling analysis, hybrid linear solver
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > UCL BEAMS > Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1403666
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