Coppola, CM; D'Introno, R; Galli, D; Tennyson, J; Longo, S; (2012) Non-equilibrium h-2 formation in the early universe: energy exchanges, rate coefficients, and spectral distortions. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , 199 (1) , Article 16. 10.1088/0067-0049/199/1/16.

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Abstract

Energy exchange processes play a crucial role in the early universe, affecting the thermal balance and the dynamical evolution of the primordial gas. In the present work we focus on the consequences of a non-thermal distribution of the level populations of H2: first, we determine the excitation temperatures of vibrational transitions and the non-equilibrium heat transfer; second, we compare the modifications to chemical reaction rate coefficients with respect to the values obtained assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium; and third, we compute the spectral distortions to the cosmic background radiation generated by the formation of H2 in vibrationally excited levels. We conclude that non-equilibrium processes cannot be ignored in cosmological simulations of the evolution of baryons, although their observational signatures remain below current limits of detection. New fits to the equilibrium and non-equilibrium heat transfer functions are provided.

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