Wells, J;
Gutierrez-Marin, D;
Luque, V;
Ferre, N;
Fewtrell, M;
Williams, J;
(2019)
Associations of age and body mass index with 2 hydration and density of fat-free mass from 4 to 22 years.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
, 73
pp. 1422-1430.
10.1038/s41430-019-0447-4.
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Abstract
Background: Most body composition techniques assume constant properties of fat free mass (FFM) (hydration and density) regardless of nutritional status, which may lead to biased values. Aim: To evaluate the interactive associations of age and body mass index (BMI) with hydration and density of FFM. Methods: Data from subjects aged between 4 and 22 years old from several studies conducted in London, UK were assessed. Hydration (HFFM) and density (DFFM) of FFM obtained from the four-component model in 936 and 905 individuals, respectively, were assessed. BMI was converted in to z-scores, and categorised into five groups using z-score cut-offs (thin, normal weight, overweight, obese, and severely obese). Linear regression models for HFFM and DFFM were developed using age, sex, and BMI group as predictors. Results: Nearly 30% of the variability in HFFM was explained by models including age and BMI groups, showing increasing HFFM values in heavier BMI groups. On the other hand, ∼40% of variability in DFFM was explained by age, sex, and BMI groups, with DFFM values decreasing in association with higher BMI group. Conclusion: Nutritional status should be considered when assessing body composition using two-component methods, and reference data for HFFM and DFFM is needed for higher BMI groups to avoid bias. Further research is needed to explain intra-individual variability in FFM properties.
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