Cayco-Gajic, NA; Silver, RA; (2019) Re-evaluating Circuit Mechanisms Underlying Pattern Separation. [Review]. Neuron , 101 (4) pp. 584-602. 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.044.

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Abstract

When animals interact with complex environments, their neural circuits must separate overlapping patterns of activity that represent sensory and motor information. Pattern separation is thought to be a key function of several brain regions, including the cerebellar cortex, insect mushroom body, and dentate gyrus. However, recent findings have questioned long-held ideas on how these circuits perform this fundamental computation. Here, we re-evaluate the functional and structural mechanisms underlying pattern separation. We argue that the dimensionality of the space available for population codes representing sensory and motor information provides a common framework for understanding pattern separation. We then discuss how these three circuits use different strategies to separate activity patterns and facilitate associative learning in the presence of trial-to-trial variability.

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