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The Markov blankets of life: autonomy, active inference and the free energy principle

Kirchhoff, M; Parr, T; Palacios, E; Friston, KJ; Kiverstein, J; (2018) The Markov blankets of life: autonomy, active inference and the free energy principle. Journal of the Royal Society Interface , 15 (138) , Article 20170792. 10.1098/rsif.2017.0792. Green open access

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Abstract

This work addresses the autonomous organization of biological systems. It does so by considering the boundaries of biological systems, from individual cells to Home sapiens, in terms of the presence of Markov blankets under the active inference scheme—a corollary of the free energy principle. A Markov blanket defines the boundaries of a system in a statistical sense. Here we consider how a collective of Markov blankets can self-assemble into a global system that itself has a Markov blanket; thereby providing an illustration of how autonomous systems can be understood as having layers of nested and self-sustaining boundaries. This allows us to show that: (i) any living system is a Markov blanketed system and (ii) the boundaries of such systems need not be co-extensive with the biophysical boundaries of a living organism. In other words, autonomous systems are hierarchically composed of Markov blankets of Markov blankets—all the way down to individual cells, all the way up to you and me, and all the way out to include elements of the local environment.

Type: Article
Title: The Markov blankets of life: autonomy, active inference and the free energy principle
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0792
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0792
Language: English
Additional information: Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
Keywords: free energy principle, Markov blanket, autonomy, active inference, ensemble Markov blanket
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Imaging Neuroscience
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10048231
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