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Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: a decade of lessons learned.

Major, EO; Yousry, TA; Clifford, DB; (2018) Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: a decade of lessons learned. [Review]. The Lancet Neurology , 17 (5) pp. 467-480. 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30040-1. Green open access

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Abstract

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, devastating demyelinating disease of the CNS caused by the JC virus (JCV) that occurs in patients with compromised immune systems. Detection of PML in systemically immunocompetent patients with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab points to a role for this drug in the pathophysiology of PML. Emerging knowledge of the cellular and molecular biology of JCV infection and the pathogenesis of PML-including interplay of this common virus with the human immune system and features of natalizumab that might contribute to PML pathogenesis-provides new opportunities to monitor viral status and predict risk of JCV-associated disease. In the absence of an effective treatment for PML, early detection of the disease in patients with multiple sclerosis who are receiving natalizumab or other immunomodulatory treatments is vital to minimize CNS injury and avoid severe disability. Frequent MRI, stratified along a clinical and virus-specific immune risk profile, can be used to detect presymptomatic PML. Improved approaches to PML risk stratification are needed to guide treatment choices and surveillance of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Type: Article
Title: Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: a decade of lessons learned.
Location: England
Open access status: An open access version is available from UCL Discovery
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30040-1
Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30040-1
Language: English
Additional information: This version is the author accepted manuscript. For information on re-use, please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions.
UCL classification: UCL
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology > Brain Repair and Rehabilitation
URI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10047630
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